Tag: Knowledge

Synthetic cannabinoids

Posted on by

We know natural “phytocannabioids” (phyto = plant-based) such as CBD (cannabidiol) and THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). Many people have also heard of the body’s own “endocannabinoids” that regulate various processes in our bodies. Besides these natural molecules, there is another cannabinoid category that is talked about every now and then: Synthetic cannabinoids. What are these substances anyway, and why are they considered so dangerous?

History of synthetic cannabinoids

Synthetic cannabinoids have their origin in research. Artificial cannabinoids have been synthesized in order to conduct research on the molecules despite widespread cannabis prohibitions. Thus, the discovery of human cannabinoid receptors depended significantly on synthetic cannabinoids such as the molecule CP-55,940. With various adjustments to the molecule, it was possible to explore in more detail exactly which factors the effect in the ECS depends on.

Unfortunately, the use of artificial cannabinoids has not been limited to research, and medical use has also been limited to a few isolated cases. For example, Nabilone, a THC mimic, has been used as an anti-emetic since 1982. However, the main use of synthetic cannabinoids is in recreational use, where some of them still cause immense harm today.

Structure of some synthetic cannabinoids

Spice, K2, Legal High – “New Psychoactive Substances”

They are not that new anymore, but still many people probably know little about the products. Synthetic cannabinoids are sold as recreational drugs under the names Spice, K2, Legal High, and many other terms. Unlike phytocannabinoids, there is absolutely no reason to assume that most synthetic cannabinoids have a health-promoting effect in addition to their intoxicating effect. Many of the synthetic cannabinoids are also many times more potent than THC and their effects on the human body are poorly understood. While the term legal high describes the history of substances well, in many cases it does not correspond to reality. In a cat-and-mouse game, new synthetic cannabinoids are constantly appearing and being banned as soon as they are discovered.

In particular, the product Spice appeared in the media from time to time – often because another tragic death occurred somewhere. Spice or similar products consist of any herbs that are then sprayed with synthetic cannabinoids. The dose and distribution of active ingredients is very irregular, which greatly increases the risk of overdose. In addition, it is almost impossible for consumers to find out which substances are being used effectively. Laboratory analyses have detected everything from tens of times higher doses of synthetic cannabinoids to rat poison.

However, the same problem appears not only in herbal mixtures. Even with “normal” cannabis, there are always cases where the flowers are sprayed with synthetic cannabinoids or other substances on the black market.

How can I protect myself?

Legal highs, spice and all other products that advertise synthetic cannabinoids should be avoided. The best safeguard against contaminated flowers is a safe reference point – as far as this is possible at all with the legal situation. In case of uncertainty, there is fortunately the possibility of “drug checking” in some places in Switzerland, where cannabis can also be tested for impurities.

Guaranteed safe phytocannabinoids in our CBD store

You can find more information on this topic at: https://saferparty.ch

How CBD reduces stress in athletes

Posted on by
Sportler*innen mit CBD-Öl gegen Stress

Stress is a ubiquitous phenomenon in sports. Both before and after a hard workout or competition, athletes can be under tremendous stress. The physical and mental stress can lead to anxiety, sleep disturbances and impaired performance. Fortunately, there is a natural solution that can help athletes reduce this stress: CBD.[1]

Our product test with a competitive athlete

What is CBD and how does it work against stress?

CBD, also known as cannabidiol, is a non-psychoactive compound found in the hemp plant. It interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system, which is responsible for regulating various functions, including stress levels. CBD can help reduce stress by decreasing the production of stress hormones such as cortisol while promoting the release of endorphins, the so-called “happy hormones.”

Less stress before training

Before a strenuous training session or competition, athletes can often be under enormous pressure. CBD can help reduce this stress and promote a calm and focused mindset. By taking CBD products before training, athletes can achieve better stress management and concentration, which can have a positive impact on their performance.

Relaxation after the workout

Stress can also play a role after training or a competition. Sore muscles, exhaustion and mental tension are common side effects of intense sports activities. CBD can help support recovery by reducing inflammation and promoting body regeneration. In addition, CBD can help athletes to switch off faster and find a restful sleep, which is of great importance for regeneration.

CBD compared to other methods of stress reduction.

Compared to traditional methods of stress reduction, CBD offers several advantages. Unlike prescription drugs or tranquilizers, CBD usually has no negative side effects and is not addictive. In addition, CBD is a natural, herbal product. CBD products are available in various forms, including oils, capsules, and topical applications (e.g., ointments), giving athletes flexibility in their use.

Conclusion

CBD can be an effective support to reduce stress in sports. It can be taken before exercise to improve stress management and concentration, and after exercise to promote recovery and regeneration. Compared to other methods of stress reduction, CBD offers many benefits and usually has no negative side effects. If you are an athlete* looking for a natural and effective way to reduce your stress, CBD might be the right choice.

CBD oils for a relaxed workout

2-AG and its role in the endocannabinoid system.

Posted on by
2-Arachidonylglycerol (2-AG)

2-Arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) is an important substance in the endocannabinoid system (ECS) of the human body. The ECS is a complex network in the body that regulates a variety of biological processes. In this article, we will take a closer look at the role and effect of 2-arachidonylglycerol in the ECS.

The ECS briefly explained

What is 2-arachidonyl glycerol?

2-Arachidonylglycerol, or 2-AG, is an endocannabinoid produced by the body itself. It belongs to the group of lipids and is formed from a fatty acid, arachidonic acid. The endocannabinoid is found in various tissues and organs of the body, including the brain. It is a natural ligand (molecule that binds to a receptor) for CB1 and CB2 receptors, the main receptors of ECS. Therefore, 2-AG is thought to be the “original” messenger in ECS.

What is an endocannabinoid?
The term phytocannabinoid is used for the plant cannabinoids that appear in the hemp plant. In contrast, there are the "endocannabinoids": cannabinoids produced by our bodies that exert their effects in the ECS (endocannabinoid system).

The role of 2-AG in the endocannabinoid system.

2-AG plays a crucial role in the regulation of various processes in the body. It is primarily responsible for signal transmission in the ECS. When certain stimuli occur, such as inflammation or pain, 2-AG is released and binds to the CB1 and CB2 receptors. This triggers various cellular responses that help maintain homeostasis, the balance in the body.

The effect on the body

Activation of CB1 receptors by 2-AG in the brain may have several effects. For example, it can stimulate the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin, which can affect mood and the reward system. In addition, 2-arachidonylglycerol may also have an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the release of pro-inflammatory substances.

Therapeutic potential of 2-AG

Because of its role in ECS and its multiple effects, 2-AG has great therapeutic potential. Research suggests that the endocannabinoid may be useful in treating a variety of conditions, including pain syndromes, inflammation, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting activation of processes in the ECS could open new opportunities for drug development.

Conclusion

2-Arachidonylglycerol is an important component of the endocannabinoid system and plays a crucial role in the regulation of various physiological processes. Its action on CB1 and CB2 receptors has effects on the brain, immune system and other organs. The study of 2-AG and its function in the ECS opens new avenues for the development of therapeutic approaches for the treatment of various diseases. It remains exciting to gain further insights into this fascinating endocannabinoid.

🪴 Phytocannabinoids to stimulate the ECS 🪴

Anandamide: The happiness hormone and its effect in the ECS

Posted on by
Molekülstruktur von Anandamid

Anandamide is often referred to as the happiness hormone. This article aims to show where this name comes from and how the endocannabinoid works in the body. Let’s dive into the fascinating world of this important molecule.

Understanding the Endocannabinoid System (ECS)

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex network of receptors, enzymes, and endocannabinoids in the body. It plays a crucial role in maintaining balance and regulating various biological processes. The ECS consists of two main receptors, CB1 and CB2 receptors, which are found in different parts of the body.

What is an endocannabinoid?
The term phytocannabinoid is used for the plant cannabinoids that appear in the hemp plant. In contrast, there are the "endocannabinoids": cannabinoids produced by our bodies that exert their effects in the ECS (endocannabinoid system).

Anandamide – The “happiness hormone

Anandamide is an endocannabinoid that is naturally produced in our bodies. It is closely associated with feelings of happiness, euphoria, and general well-being, which is why it is often referred to as the “happiness hormone.” It acts primarily on CB1 receptors in the central nervous system and has a variety of effects on our mood and emotions.

Effect on the well-being

Anandamide has a variety of effects on our well-being. It can promote relaxation, reduce stress and create a positive mood. In addition, it plays a role in the regulation of pain, the sleep-wake rhythm and appetite. An imbalance of anandamide in the body can lead to various health problems, such as mood disorders and chronic pain.

Anandamide-promoting lifestyle

The production and availability of anandamide can be influenced by our diet and lifestyle. A balanced diet, regular physical activity, and adequate sleep can increase anandamide levels in the body. In addition, certain foods, such as dark chocolate and chili, can stimulate the production of anandamide. A healthy lifestyle helps maintain the optimal balance of endocannabinoid in the body.

Anandamide and its therapeutic potentials

Because of its effect on well-being and ECS, researchers have begun to explore the therapeutic potential of anandamide. There is evidence that the molecule may play a role in treating anxiety disorders, depression and chronic pain. However, further studies are needed to understand the full potential of this fascinating molecule.

Conclusion

Anandamide, the “happy hormone,” plays an important role in the endocannabinoid system and has multiple effects on our well-being. By regulating mood, pain perception, and other biological processes, endocannabinoid can have a significant impact on our quality of life. Through a healthy diet, regular exercise and a balanced lifestyle, we can help maintain homeostasis (balance) in the body and promote our well-being. Research into its therapeutic potential is still in its infancy, but it promises exciting new ways to improve our health and well-being.

Black hemp chocolate for more happy hormones

Endocannabinoid system: structure, function and role

Posted on by
Graphische Darstellung der Rezeptoren des Endocannainoid-System im Körper.

The endocannabinoid system is a fascinating and complex system that has received much attention in medical research in recent years. It plays a crucial role in maintaining balance in the body and influences numerous physiological processes. In this article, we will take an in-depth look at the anatomy, function, and role of the endocannabinoid system.

The structure of the endocannabinoid system

The endocannabinoid system consists of three main components: cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids, and the enzymes responsible for their production and degradation. The two best-known cannabinoid receptors are CB1 and CB2, which are found throughout the body but in varying amounts and localized in different tissues. CB1 recept ors are mainly present in the central nervous system, while CB2 receptors are mainly found in immune cells and some peripheral tissues.

A receptor of the endocannabinoid system schematically shown.

The function of the endocannabinoid system

The main function of the endocannabinoid system is to maintain balance in the body, also known as homeostasis. It regulates various processes such as mood, pain perception, appetite, sleep, immune response and inflammation. When a certain function in the body is out of balance, endocannabinoids can be released to correct that condition and restore balance.

The role of the endocannabinoid system

The endocannabinoid system plays a diverse role in the human body. It is involved in the regulation of emotions and pain processing and can influence inflammatory processes. In addition, it can also control appetite and metabolism and has effects on the immune system. Due to its diverse functions, the endocannabinoid system may play a role in various diseases and is therefore increasingly considered as a potential therapeutic target.

The endocannabinoid system and health

A balanced endocannabinoid system is crucial for health and well-being. A deficiency or malfunction of the system can lead to various problems. For example, dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system has been linked to mood disorders such as anxiety and depression, chronic pain, inflammation, and metabolic disorders. By targeting the endocannabinoid system, future therapies could be developed to better treat these diseases.

Conclusion

The endocannabinoid system is a fascinating and complex system in the human body. It plays a crucial role in maintaining balance and regulating various physiological processes. Research into this system has the potential to enable new treatment approaches for various diseases.

We have great exo-cannabinoids for sale 😉

More information about the ECS: wikipedia.com

Industrial hemp as a raw material

Posted on by

Hemp is a plant that has been used for thousands of years for various purposes. In the 17th century, the cultivation of hemp as a raw material reached a peak: all the sails and ropes of ships were made of hemp fibers, and had to be replaced about every 2 years. [1] There are several reasons for the decline in the use of commercial hemp. In addition to new technologies such as cotton, paper made from wood, and later the invention of synthetic rope, restrictive drug policies starting in the U.S. also made it difficult to grow commercial hemp. More recently, however, the use of hemp as a raw material has increased again in many industries. For good reasons – hemp is extremely versatile and can be grown sustainably. Unlike cotton, hemp also grows very well in the European climate.

Useful hemp as a building material

Hemp is an ideal building material for the construction of houses and other buildings. It is durable, lightweight and has excellent insulating properties. Hemp is often mixed with lime or clay to make hemp-clay bricks, which are used as building materials. Hemp can also be used as an insulating material in walls, ceilings and floors.

Hemp as a building material of the future

Hemp as paper raw material

Hemp is also an excellent raw material for paper production. Unlike conventional paper raw material made from wood, hemp does not contain lignins, which can lead to a high acid content and thus affect the durability of the paper. Hemp paper is stronger and more durable than conventional paper.

Hemp paper – the alternative to trees

Utility hemp as clothing material

Hemp can also be made into clothing. It is a soft and breathable material that feels comfortable against the skin. Hemp clothing is durable and resistant to wear and tear. It’s also a sustainable choice, as hemp requires less water and fertilizer than other fibers.

Comfortable clothes from hemp

Hemp as food

Hemp can also be used as food. Hemp seeds are an excellent source of protein, fiber and essential fatty acids. They can be used as an ingredient in smoothies, salads and other dishes. Hemp seed oil is a valuable ingredient, especially for cold cooking.

Hemp seeds: delicious superfood

Industrial hemp is a versatile and sustainably available raw material that is used in many industries. Use as a building material, paper raw material, clothing material and food is just a selection of the many possibilities hemp offers.

Terpenes: Why cannabis is fragrant

Posted on by

Cannabis is known for its different aromas and flavors. From citrusy notes to earthy nuances and floral scents, the range of smells and tastes that cannabis can produce is broad. But what exactly gives cannabis its distinctive scents? The answer lies in the terpenes. Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in many plants and are responsible for their unique smells and tastes. Enjoying the different flavors are also an essential part of cannabis consumption.

What are terpenes?

Terpenes are organic compounds found in many plants, including cannabis. They are responsible for the smells and tastes we associate with these plants. Terpenes are also found in essential oils and are used in many industries, such as cosmetics and perfumery. There are more than 20,000 known terpene compounds, and each has its own unique properties.

The role of terpenes in nature

Terpenes are a kind of natural defense mechanism for plants. Some terpenes are known to repel pests and insects, while others help protect plants from disease. The scents can also help pollinate plants by attracting pollinators.

A bee on a fragrant lavender bush.
Photo by Dustin Humes on Unsplash

Terpenes in cannabis

Cannabis contains a variety of terpenes, all of which help create the plant’s characteristic smell and taste. The variety of cannabis flavors is enormous: peppermint, cinnamon, pine, cocoa, lemon, grapefruit, mango, pineapple, blueberry, raspberry and much more. While it takes a lot of practice for a sommelier to pick up the scents of wines, it’s a different story with cannabis. The differences are so great that they are immediately noticeable.

So far, more than 200 terpenes have been detected in the hemp plant. The compounds that actually occur depend on genetics and growing conditions. Some of the most abundant terpenes in cannabis are myrcene, limonene, humulene, pinenes, linalool, and caryphyllene.

6 common cannabis terpenes and their effects.
Different terpenes in cannabis: the most important information.

Research currently assumes that terpenes in themselves have an effect on the body – even independently of cannabinoids. In contrast to THC and CBD, however, this has hardly been researched.
What has already been demonstrated, however, is the role of terpenes in the “entourage effect”: the presence of terpenes alters and enhances the efficacy of cannabinoids, for example, in the treatment of anxiety disorders. [1] Therefore, so-called “full-spectrum products” are very popular. Unlike isolates or synthetic cannabinoids, these natural products contain all the active ingredients of the hemp plant.

Full-Spectrum hemp oil in the store

Other fragrances in cannabis

Chemical structure of an ester compound

Terpenes are not solely responsible for the scent of cannabis. There is a whole range of other chemical components that influence the aroma.

  • Esters: These volatile compounds are known, for example, for the banana or strawberry scent they can create. Thus, the scent of the genetics “Strawberry Banana” is significantly influenced by the ester compounds present.
  • Aldehydes: Aldehydes are found in vinegar, for example, and also have a significant influence on the aroma there. Exactly how they affect the scent of cannabis is still quite unclear. However, it has already been demonstrated that the aldehydes can characterize the aroma even in the smallest quantities.[2]

These two examples show that besides the interesting world of terpenes, there are many other exciting topics that should be investigated in more detail. Especially for breeding, but also for the more precise description and the conscious selection of the right variety for the highest enjoyment, a more detailed research of these fields is central.

Discover our fragrant CBD flowers!

CBG: The “Mother of Cannabinoids

Posted on by

While most people have at least heard of CBD (cannabidiol) and THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), CBG is a largely unknown active ingredient in the hemp plant. However, in a growing cannabis market and advancing research on the hemp plant and its active ingredients, CBG has recently come under increased scrutiny.

What is CBG?

Cannabigerol (CBG) is a cannabinoid that was discovered in 1964 by two Israeli chemists. Like CBD, cannabigerol has no psychoactive effect, so it does not make you high.

The CBG content of conventional hemp plants is quite low, as the widespread cultivars focus on CBD or THC.
Although young plants have a fairly high level of CBGA, the acid version of CBG, at a certain stage, this acid is converted into other cannabinoid acids such as THCA or CBDA as they continue to grow, which in turn are processed into THC and CBD. Because CBGA occupies this role of the “original” cannabinoid in plant growth, the molecule is sometimes referred to as the “mother of cannabinoids.”
The actual conversion into other cannabinoids depends not only on the genetics of the plant, but also to a large extent on external circumstances. The temperature, UV light and oxygen content are decisive in determining which chemical processes are triggered.

In addition to the interest in the chemical processes, the focus in research has recently shifted increasingly to the active ingredient cannabigerol. In medical and therapeutic use, it has many similarities with CBD, although CBG is even said to have a better effect in some cases.

Is CBG the better CBD?

Based on individual studies and experience reports, the attitude is now partly spread that CBG is actually the better CBD. Thus, there are increasingly not only CBD oils, but also CBG oils to buy. However, knowledge is still far too uncertain to make such a sweeping statement. As with all cannabinoids, research is still in its infancy – which makes a lot of things difficult, but also always brings great surprises.

If the desired effect is achieved with CBD products, it is currently hardly worth spending more money on comparable CBG products. But cannabigerol is definitely interesting, and why not give it a try? In our store there is currently with the variety“Afghan Kush” a plant that contains both almost 5% CBG and 10-15% CBD. Further, we plan to add new cannabis resin products focused on CBG to our product line in the first months of 2023.

Addendum of November 14, 2022: We have two brand new CBG/CBD oils on offer!

To the 5% CBG/CBD oil
To the 10% CBG/CBD oil
To the Afghan Kush with high CBG…

Left:
– Image source: hemptownusa.com
– What is CBG? – cbd360.com

CBD and Long Covid

Posted on by

More than two years into the pandemic, it is becoming increasingly apparent how dramatic the impact of “Long Covid” will be. In whom the symptoms persist and for what reason is unclear, even experts are at a loss. Affected people, still in a fog of fatigue, breathing difficulties, headaches and various other symptoms months later, still have to wait for effective therapies. Could CBD help?

Long Covid Symptoms and CBD

The FOPH lists, among others, the following typical symptoms of “post-Covid 19 disease” [1]: excessive fatigue and exhaustion, shortness of breath and breathing difficulties, cognitive impairment, headache, insomnia, muscle fatigue, and muscle pain.
For many of these symptoms, regardless of the cause, there is evidence that CBD is an effective treatment. Studies are investigating diverse uses of CBD products and many people are sharing their positive experiences on social media. With this starting point, it is obvious that CBD is increasingly being used in long covid therapy as well.

Effect of CBD against long covid

There are many testimonials on the internet from people who turn to CBD products (mainly CBD oils) to fight persistent symptoms. In the Long Covid Switzerland Facebook group there are many people who tell about an excellent effect. Sleep problems are reduced with evening use of CBD oil, but eye problems, neurological symptoms, and lung problems also seem to decrease with CBD use.

In addition to these field reports, which are based on the observations of individuals, there are also research projects on the subject. For example, Indian researchers* conducted a study that demonstrated a potential for therapeutic effects against neurological impairments caused by Corona.[2] However, so far these results are based only on laboratory data, the significance of which is difficult to translate to human application. Another study, funded by Drug Science UK, aims to further investigate the potential of CBD treatments against long covid. No results have yet been obtained.
Further, there have been several studies that have looked at CBD and covid in general. You can find a compilation in this blog post.

What does that mean for us?

It certainly seems as though medical cannabis products, as well as commercially available CBD oils, may be of relevance in the treatment of Long Covid. However, it is also clear that science has not yet reached the point where an effect can be proven with certainty. Two years is a short time in science, especially when it comes to an area like cannabis, where medical research in general is not very advanced.
For us at Herba di Berna AG, this means the following: First, we hope for the fastest possible progress in medical research on cannabis. Secondly, we are making a special offer to Long Covid sufferers so that they can at least try using CBD oils: We are currently offering 30% off our CBD oilswith the discount code “cbd-genesung”.

Sources:
– [1] Coronavirus: post-covid 19 disease (BAG).
– 2] In silico inquest reveals the efficacy of cannabis in the treatment of post-Covid-19 relate neurodegeneration (ResearchGate)
– [3] Feasibility of Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Long COVID (clinicaltrials.gov).

Dosage calculator for CBD oils

Posted on by

The correct dosage of CBD oil is quite an elaborate thing. Finding the right dosage for your own use is one thing. Converting the whole thing into drops the other. How to determine your personal oil dosage is described in detail in our post about CBD oil dosage. Further, dailycbd.com ‘s blog offers excellent content on CBD, including how to dose oils.

If you now have a “strength” at hand and are only faced with the question of how many drops of oil that is now, our calculator will help.

[[Rechner]]

The body weight must be specified, as CBD dosage is usually given in a certain number of milligrams per kilo of body weight. This is the case because body weight is an easy factor to consider for the varying potency of CBD. For the same effect, a heavier body needs more CBD than a lighter one.

For the strength of the dosage, one of the three levels “Low”, “Medium” and “High” can be selected via the quick selection. A “low” dosage corresponds to 1 mg of CBD per 4.5 kg of body weight, a “medium” 3 mg, and a “high” 6 mg. The unit of “1 milligram of CBD per 4.5 kilograms of body weight” was created by converting from American units of measurement. Finding out which dosage fits is difficult. Basically: Always (yes, really always!) start with a low dose and increase later! This avoids unpleasant side effects. Help can be found as already mentioned in our detailed article on the dosage of CBD oils.
If you already have an exact value for the desired dose, or if you want to adjust the dosage slightly, you can open a slider by clicking on the … button next to the three dosage levels to select the exact dosage.

Last but not least, it is necessary to choose the product used, since the different oils have different levels of concentration. You can choose from all the oils in our range. From the given data, the number of drops needed for the dose is determined.