Can the cannabis law be abolished so easily? According to Peter Homberg, a complete abolition of the Cannabis Act is rather unlikely. In his assessment, he explains why legal and political hurdles are making a U-turn in cannabis policy more difficult.
Cannabis law abolition Homberg’s assessment? The political race remains exciting and is running at full speed, and the CDU has already announced its intention to repeal the Cannabis Act (CanG) if it takes over the government. We share Homberg’s assessment and according to it, this scenario is rather unrealistic. But how realistic is this scenario really? Lawyer Peter Homberg, who specializes in cannabis, has provided a well-founded assessment on krautinvest.de. Here we summarize the most important points for you.
Can the CanG be abolished so easily? If you listen carefully to Homberg, he believes that a complete abolition of the Cannabis Act is rather unlikely. Even if the CDU were to be in government in the future, it would have to rely on a coalition partner to overturn it with at least a 50% majority – and it is questionable whether these partners would support a complete turnaround in cannabis policy. In addition, there are already numerous cultivation associations that are licensed for several years, and a withdrawal of these licenses would hardly be legally feasible.
Cannabis Act abolition Homberg aptly says: “You can’t get the spirit of the CanG back into the bottle completely.” However, changes could relate to details, such as the permitted amount of cannabis that can be carried or stored.
What could change for cannabis clubs? While existing clubs would probably be protected, a new government could increase the administrative hurdles for new clubs. Restrictions on home growing or changes to the legal framework for cultivation associations would also be conceivable. Nevertheless, a complete abolition of partial legalization seems politically and legally unrealistic.
Medical cannabis: will access remain? Another hot topic is access to medical cannabis, which is regulated by the MedCanG. Homberg sees no cause for concern here. Cannabis remains subject to prescription and will not be reclassified as a narcotic. The recent liberalization, which has made access easier for SHI patients, would make a downgrading hardly conceivable.
However, there could be a possible change in telemedical prescribing practices. It remains uncertain whether doctors from other EU countries will continue to be allowed to issue prescriptions for German patients. There could be clearer regulations here in the future.
Is it cooked much hotter than it is eaten? In fact, much of what is currently being announced in the election campaign seems exaggerated. Homberg is convinced that the actual changes – depending on the coalition partner – will be less drastic than the current threats of the conservative parties. He sees little room for major setbacks, particularly in the area of medicinal cannabis .
Herba di Berna – your partner for reliable information At Herba di Berna, we closely follow developments in cannabis policy and are on hand to provide you with advice and support. With our expertise and personal experience, we are there for you – whether it’s about legal issues or choosing the right products. Together, we keep our finger on the pulse and ensure that you are well informed.
Our body has a fascinating network – the endocannabinoid system (ECS). This system is not only present in us humans, but also in almost all living beings and plays a crucial role in regulating the internal balance, the so-called homeostasis. Excitingly, the cannabis plant contains natural compounds known as phytocannabinoids, which are remarkably similar to our own endocannabinoids. This allows cannabis to connect directly to our endocannabinoid system and act on it by fitting these phytocannabinoids like “keys” into the “locks” of our ECS. This is what makes the effect of cannabis on our well-being and health so unique. This connection between the human body and the cannabis plant, both of which have similar building blocks, explains why cannabis is able to specifically influence processes such as pain perception, mood and immune reactions – an exciting interplay that we have already discussed in this blog post (blog link: Endocannabinoid system: structure, function and role) and which is explored in more depth in this blog post.
The endocannabinoid system (ECS): a deeper scientific look
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex biological network that regulates a variety of physiological processes – including pain perception, mood, inflammatory responses and even reproduction. Interest in the ECS is growing in research, as it plays a central role in the body and is relevant in the development and treatment of many diseases. The ECS consists of three main parts that work closely together:
1. Endocannabinoids:
These are chemical substances that our body produces itself. They act like “keys” that fit into special “locks” (so-called receptors) in the body. The two most important endocannabinoids are called anandamide and 2-AG. They are only produced when the body needs them, for example when we are stressed or in pain. In this way, they help us to regain our balance.
2. receptors:
Receptors are like little “docking stations” in the body. The two most important receptors in the ECS are called CB1 and CB2. CB1 receptors are mainly found in the brain and nervous system and influence things like pain and appetite. CB2 receptors are mainly found in the immune system, where they are involved in inflammatory processes. When endocannabinoids dock onto these receptors, a reaction is triggered that can, for example, relieve pain or improve mood.
3. enzymes: To ensure that the endocannabinoids only work for as long as they are needed, the body breaks them down with the help of enzymes as soon as they have done their job. Enzymes are proteins that accelerate chemical reactions in the body. Two important enzymes, FAAH and MAGL, ensure that endocannabinoids are quickly broken down again as soon as the body no longer needs them.
How the ECS works: The ECS helps our body to stay in balance, also known as homeostasis. You can think of it as a built-in thermostat that regulates itself up or down as required. For example, if we are stressed or injured, the ECS “switches on” processes that calm us down or reduce the pain. In this way, the ECS protects us from overload and helps us to react to external influences and remain physically balanced.
Research results on the effect of the ECS:
1. Anti-inflammatory effect: Inflammation is the body’s response to injury or infection. The ECS helps to control this inflammation via the CB2 receptors, which can be useful for joint diseases, for example.
2. pain relief: Pain is mediated by signals in the nervous system. Studies show that the CB1 receptors help to reduce the intensity of pain, which is promising for pain therapy. However, unlike with strong painkillers, cognitive functions are largely preserved.
3. appetite and metabolism: The ECS also controls our appetite and the energy we consume. Studies show that it regulates the signals in certain regions of the brain that tell us when we are hungry or full. This makes the ECS interesting for the treatment of obesity or metabolic problems.
4. protection of the brain: The ECS may be able to protect the brain from diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Studies have shown that it could have a neuroprotective effect, i.e. it protects nerve cells from damage and can therefore slow down the progression of such diseases.
5. reproduction and inheritance: The ECS even seems to have an influence on our genes. Research on mice shows that the ECS can influence the quality of sperm and possibly also alter genetic markers that are passed on to the next generation. This could offer new approaches for fertility research in the future.
How CBD supports the ECS: CBD, a cannabinoid from the hemp plant, acts on the ECS by slowing down the breakdown of an important endocannabinoid called anandamide. This keeps it active for longer and can promote balance in the body. The special thing about CBD is that it does this without getting you ‘high’. It gently supports the ECS, helping the body to regulate itself and cope better with stress.
A look at potential future applications of the ECS: Because the ECS is involved in so many fundamental functions, future research is likely to find new ways to target the ECS to alleviate disease or improve overall health. Particularly exciting are technologies that can target cannabinoids to specific areas of the body – for example, using specially designed nanoparticles to deliver drugs to the right place without interfering with other systems.
Did you know that the hemp plant contains over 113 different cannabinoids? This amazing diversity is the key to a deep understanding of the effects and benefits that hemp holds for our body and mind. In this blog post, we take a closer look at the different cannabinoids contained in the plant. But also on its unique functions and the so-called entourage effect. We also share our views on why this topic is particularly important to us and why we are bringing it closer to our community.
What are cannabinoids?
Cannabinoids are chemical compounds found in the hemp plant. They interact with our endocannabinoid system, a complex network of receptors and neurotransmitters that plays an important role in regulating various bodily functions. Although CBD and THC are the most well-known cannabinoids, there are many others that are worth discovering.
One exciting aspect of cannabinoids is the entourage effect. This describes the phenomenon that the various cannabinoids, terpenes and other compounds in the hemp plant act synergistically and thus enhance the overall effect. This means that the combination of these substances often produces stronger effects than isolated compounds. These synergies open up new possibilities for therapeutic applications.
The unknown cannabinoids
While CBD and THC are already the subject of intensive research, there are many other cannabinoids that are still largely unexplored. These include compounds such as CBG (cannabigerol) and CBN (cannabinol), which could show promising properties. These lesser-known cannabinoids could potentially help in the treatment of pain, anxiety or sleep disorders – but more scientific studies are needed to confirm this.
Our views
We believe that the potential of the hemp plant goes far beyond what is currently known and so we have a particular interest in bringing this to the attention of society. At a time when many people are looking for natural alternatives to conventional medicines , it is crucial to understand the full range of active ingredients in the hemp plant. It is our conviction that comprehensive research and education will not only increase knowledge about the hemp plant, but also revolutionize its use in health promotion.
Why are we reporting on this?
Knowledge is power: We want to give you the opportunity to make your own informed decisions about the use of hemp products, but also to know what they do to your body. By sharing knowledge about lesser-known cannabinoids, we hope to highlight the benefits for health and well-being.
Educating people about natural alternatives: In a world where many people are looking for natural cures , it is important to highlight the versatility of the hemp plant. We believe that it can be a valuable alternative to conventional treatments.
Promoting open discussion: We want to provide a platform where our community can ask questions and initiate discussions about the application and research of hemp products. Open communication is the key to better understanding.
Supporting research: By emphasizing the importance of further studies on unknown cannabinoids, we want to raise awareness of the need for scientific research. Every step towards more knowledge can expand the potential of hemp.
Conclusion:
We believe that the hemp plant is an impressive natural product that has far more to offer than just CBD and THC. The diversity of cannabinoids and their interaction within the entourage effect opens up exciting prospects for the future of health promotion. Stay tuned as we continue to explore the secrets of this amazing plant and share our knowledge with you!
Do you have any questions or want to know more about a specific cannabinoid? Let us know and share it with you!
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Who consumes CBD in Switzerland? – Insights from a national survey
In recent years, interest in CBD has grown enormously in Switzerland and Europe. Many consumers are discovering the positive effects of the natural active ingredient extracted from the cannabis sativa plant. Awareness of the potential benefits of cannabidiol, or CBD for short, is growing steadily, particularly with regard to relaxation, pain relief and stress reduction. To find out more about CBD consumers in Switzerland, IG Hemp conducted a survey in collaboration with the online CBD store uWeed. The results provide fascinating insights into the profiles and preferences of Swiss CBD users.
Who are the Swiss CBD consumers?
The study included 1170 participants, representing a cross-section of CBD consumers in Switzerland. One of the most important results: A majority of respondents use CBD primarily to relieve stress and relax. More than 50% of survey participants say they use CBD for relaxation, while 46% use it to help them sleep better. Others use CBD for pain relief (26%) or to alleviate psychological stress such as anxiety or depression (14%). A smaller proportion of participants use CBD specifically to relieve symptoms of chronic conditions.
High level of education, but not high earnings
It is interesting to note that many Swiss CBD users are better educated than average. Almost 41% of participants have a university or college degree – significantly more than the national average of around 31%.
However, this does not mean that this group is particularly high-income. Around 40% of respondents earn less than CHF 50,000 per year, and only 16% have an income of over CHF 100,000. These figures also reflect the young average age of consumers: over half of the participants are between 18 and 40 years old, and only 22% are over 50.
This illustration underlines that a high level of education does not necessarily correlate with a high income, especially among CBD consumers in Switzerland.
The graph on the left shows the proportion of participants with a university or college degree (41%) compared to the national average of 31%. The graph on the right shows the income distribution:
40% of respondents earn less than CHF 50,000 per year.
Only 16% earn an income of more than CHF 100,000 per year.
Gender-specific differences in CBD consumption
One striking point is that men use CBD significantly more often than women. Two thirds of the survey participants were male, which indicates that men are leading the way in this market. The study also shows that men are more likely to be long-term users: More than a third of the male participants have been consuming CBD for more than two years, while almost half of the women have only been at it for less than six months. There are also gender-specific differences in the preferred products: While men often reach for CBD flowers, women tend to opt for CBD oil.
Here is the chart showing the gender differences in CBD consumption in Switzerland. The left graph shows the gender distribution among CBD users:
66% of consumers are male.
34% of consumers are female.
The chart on the right shows the duration of use by gender:
33% of men consume CBD for more than two years.
50% of women have only been using CBD for less than six months.
These differences show that men tend to start using CBD earlier and women are more likely to be newcomers to this market.
Online shopping and information procurement
Most CBD consumers in Switzerland prefer to shop online: 74% order their products online. This is not least due to the increased use of online shopping since the start of the pandemic. Of these, 58% buy on multi-brand platforms, 35% directly from individual brands and 6% on marketplaces such as Amazon or Galaxus.
The way in which information about CBD is obtained also varies between the sexes. While men tend to rely on online sources such as specialist blogs and social networks, women rely more often on recommendations from their personal environment. The study also shows that consumers mainly look for information about the health benefits of CBD and the effects of the various products.
At Herba di Berna you will also find many blog posts on the website where you can find professional information about the consumption of CBD in its various forms. The specialist store on Scheibenstrasse is also always the place to go for non-binding advice on oils, flowers and other methods of taking CBD and what to look out for.
Swiss CBD consumers primarily prefer CBD flowers and oils. Both products are very popular, but differ in their style of use: flowers are often smoked or vaporized, resulting in a quick, intense effect, while CBD oil offers a milder, longer-lasting effect. Interestingly, flower users are more likely to consume it in social settings, while oil tends to be used alone. These differences show that the choice of product depends not only on the desired effect, but also strongly on the respective social context.
CBD as an alternative to THC?
Another aspect that the survey sheds light on is the relationship of CBD users to THC, the psychoactive component of the cannabis plant. Over half of the participants do not consume any illegal substances, followed by cannabis products containing THC. Of those who use both, 74% stated that they also use tobacco, and almost half occasionally use illegal cannabis. Should THC one day be legalized in Switzerland, more than half of users would still retain CBD as a supplement or even as a substitute.
Conclusion
The survey by IG Hemp and uWeed shows that CBD is already established in many areas of life in Switzerland. Consumers are well informed and pay attention to the quality of the products. Despite the growing interest, the market remains in flux, especially as the profile of users continues to diversify. Whether as a means of relaxation, to alleviate ailments or as an alternative to THC – the demand for CBD products is likely to continue to grow in the future.
Further information on the consumption habits and needs of CBD consumers in Switzerland can be found in the full report by IG Hanf und uWeed【Quelle】.
Smoking has a long tradition, but the negative effects on health are undeniable. In recent years, vaping has gained in importance as a healthier alternative. But what actually makes vaping better, and what advantages does it offer? In this blog, we take a closer look at the differences and show why vaping is the superior choice.
1. hemp flowers and the full spectrum of cannabinoids
A major advantage of vaping hemp flowers is that the full spectrum of cannabinoids is retained. In contrast to isolated extracts such as CBD CBG or e.g. THC isolates, hemp flowers offer a variety of active ingredients such as CBD, CBG and small amounts of THC in a single flower. The combination of vaporized flower creates the so-called entourage effect, in which the various cannabinoids work together to produce a deeper and more comprehensive effect. This makes vaping hemp flowers a more holistic and sustainable experience.
In addition to hemp flowers, there are also resins and liquids that can be used for vaping. These products are also rich in cannabinoids, but offer a practical alternative with fewer plant substances but still effective results. In our range you will find flowers, oil and hash.
2. less harmful chemicals when vaping
When smoking, and therefore burning smoking materials, the combustion process produces thousands (no joke, no exaggeration) of toxic chemicals such as tar and carbon monoxide, which can cause lung disease and heart problems. Vaping, on the other hand, does not burn any material, instead e-liquid or cannabis flower is heated, which starts a similar process to heating water until it turns from liquid to gas and vaporizes. This means that vaping does not involve a combustion process, which significantly reduces the risk of harm to health. However, we would like to emphasize that vaping is only the healthier way to consume CBD or other smoking materials, but it can still be harmful to health.
3. gentler effect on the lungs
In contrast to smoking, which produces tar – a major cause of lung cancer – vaping is gentle on the lungs. By avoiding tar and other toxic substances, many vapers report an improvement in breathing capacity and an overall better sense of well-being after making the switch.
4. control over nicotine consumption
What makes vaping an effective way to quit smoking is that e-liquids are available in different nicotine strengths and many products even offer nicotine-free variants. This means that you can gradually reduce your nicotine consumption, which is another great benefit of vaping.
5. pleasant smell
While cigarette smoke leaves behind unpleasant odors that linger in clothing, hair and furniture, the vapor from vapes evaporates quickly and leaves hardly any traces. Many e-liquids and hemp products also have pleasant, natural flavors that make vaping a more discreet and hygienic choice.
6. customization and deeper experience
Vaping offers a flexible and deeper experience. You can choose between different devices, liquids and cannabis products to customize your vaping experience. From dense vapor to intense flavor, vaping is much more adaptable to personal preferences than traditional smoking.
7. cost efficiency
Although the purchase of a vaporizer initially represents an investment, the running costs for e-liquids or hemp flowers are often lower than the regular purchase of cigarettes. A vaporizer also lasts longer, which makes vaping a more cost-effective alternative in the long term.
Expert advice and vaporizer testing options
We offer comprehensive advice on vaping in our specialist store. Our experts are on hand to help you find the right appliance and the right products for you. From November 2024, you can even borrow and test vaporizers from us before you decide to buy. This way, you can try out vaping and the various hemp products risk-free and make the best choice for you.
Conclusion: Vaping – the better choice
Compared to smoking, vaping offers numerous advantages: It contains fewer harmful chemicals, is easier on the lungs, allows for better control over nicotine consumption and offers a customizable, deeper experience. Vaping cannabis flowers and products that utilize the full spectrum of cannabinoids gives you a holistic and healthier alternative to smoking.
Visit us in our specialist store for an individual consultation and test our vaporizers from November 2024 – for your health and an informed decision.
Our recommendation
It is very important to us as a company to contribute to more health awareness. To bring our customers closer to the ideal, but above all the healthiest way to use CBD. You will find a large selection of vaporizers, flowers and hash online as well as in our specialist stores.
From November, you will also find a selection of vaporizers to test in our specialist store in Bern’s Breitenrain.
In a world where movement and activity play a central role, the natural care of our joints is of the utmost importance. But sometimes even the best of us need a helping hand to withstand the daily stresses and strains. This is where the CBD joint gel from Herba di Berna comes into play – an innovative solution based on natural ingredients that brings your joints back to life.
Why CBD joint gel?
The unique combination of CBD, arnica, horse chestnut and devil’s claw makes this joint gel a real boon for tired muscles and stressed joints. CBD, also known as cannabidiol, is a natural substance extracted from the hemp plant and offers a variety of health benefits. Its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties can help to alleviate joint pain and support regeneration after physical exertion.
The power of nature for your joints
Arnica, horse chestnut and devil’s claw have long been known for their anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties. Together with CBD, they form an optimal combination of natural ingredients that can positively influence the regeneration of the musculoskeletal system. Our joint gel therefore offers an effective and gentle way to relieve joint pain and improve mobility.
Who is CBD joint gel suitable for?
This joint gel is suitable for anyone suffering from joint pain, muscle tension or other musculoskeletal complaints. Whether you’re an avid athlete looking for a quick recovery after an intense workout or just someone looking for natural solutions to joint pain, Herba di Berna’s CBD joint gel is the answer you’ve been looking for.
Natural refreshment for your joints
The joint gel impresses with its effectiveness, rapid absorption and pleasantly refreshing fragrance. Apply it after training or when needed and feel your joints breathe a sigh of relief and relax.
Available in practical packaging
The CBD gel is available in a practical 75 ml container as an airless dispenser. Give yourself and your joints the care they deserve and discover natural relief with the CBD joint gel from Herba di Berna.
With its anti-inflammatory properties, it is a popular natural remedy for injuries and pain. Arnica can accelerate wound healing and reduce swelling. It is also often used for bruises, sore muscles and arthritis. Arnica is safe for external use. All in all, arnica is a valuable plant with impressive healing properties.
Devil’s claw
Devil’s claw, a plant from southern Africa, has made a name for itself due to its medicinal properties. Its root, which originates from southern Africa, is traditionally used to relieve joint and muscle pain. Especially for arthritis and back pain. The anti-inflammatory properties of devil’s claw can reduce swelling and improve mobility. Devil’s claw is a promising option for people looking for natural pain relief solutions.
Horse chestnut
Its seeds are often prized for their ability to relieve the symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, including swelling, pain and heaviness in the legs. This is due to their anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective properties.
The festive season is a feast for our senses, but it often means overtime for our gut. From one meal to the next, from cookies to chocolate to a festive roast – the winter season of indulgence can put a strain on the digestive system. In this blog post, you will learn how cannabinoids can help to support gastrointestinal harmony and promote well-being.
The body and its gastrointestinal harmony as a habitat for viruses, fungi and bacteria: Our gastrointestinal system is exposed to a variety of stresses, from lack of exercise to an unhealthy diet. These strains can lead to symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea and constipation. In this context, the importance of healthy intestinal flora, which includes bacteria, fungi and viruses, becomes clear. These microorganisms form a symbiosis that is essential for the absorption of nutrients and the survival of humans and microorganisms.
Importance of the intestinal flora:
The intestinal flora can be stimulated by various means, including cannabis. There are numerous products on the market that support the intestinal flora, but the effects can be reduced by an unhealthy lifestyle. The importance of a balanced intestinal flora for the nervous system is supported by scientific findings, and the connection between nutrition and health is confirmed by the effect of cannabis as a remedy in the laboratory.
How hemp affects our gastrointestinal tract: Cannabinoids found in the hemp plant act via CB2 receptors in the intestine. Full-spectrum preparations can influence these receptors and trigger positive effects such as anti-inflammatory processes, strengthening of the immune system and stress reduction. Studies suggest that medicinal cannabis shows promising results, especially in diseases such as multiple sclerosis. The method of consumption influences the effect of cannabis, with oral intake possibly being better tolerated.
Conclusion:
Overall, cannabis as a full-spectrum preparation can help to support gut function, especially after times of culinary indulgence. The CB2 receptors in the intestine enable anti-inflammatory effects, immune strengthening and stress reduction. Despite promising approaches in research, it should be noted that interactions with medications and possible side effects must be taken into account. For gastrointestinal complaints, cannabis could be a natural alternative, but consultation with medical professionals is advisable to stay up to date with the latest research.
IG Hemp, 10.10.2023(As a member of IG Hemp we distribute this post in our blog)
Following the listing of several substances with a suspected psychoactive effect in the Narcotics Schedule Ordinance in spring 2023[1]On October 9, 2023, at the request of Swissmedic, the Federal Department of Home Affairs (FDHA) inspected a further 10 individual substances and one group of substances in order to combat the misuse of new synthetic substances as narcotics.[2]
A substance group of synthetic cannabinoids as well as the individual substances HHCP, delta-9- THCP, delta-8-THCP, H4CBD and other substances will be subject to authorization in Switzerland from October 9, 2023 and may not be manufactured, traded or dispensed.[3] Authorizations can be applied for industrial and scientific use (Art. 7 para. 2 in conjunction with Art. 4 and Art. 5 BetmG and BetmVV-EDI, Annex 6 List e). Cannabinoids naturally occurring in the hemp plant such as CBD, CBC, CBG are not affected by the ban .
IG Hemp Switzerland welcomes the listing of these substances as an important step towards protecting the health of citizens. The listing has also created more legal certainty for traders in Switzerland.
The recurring listing of synthetic and semi-synthetic cannabinoids by the EDI clearly shows that the problem has not been effectively resolved since 2011. Effective health protection can only be ensured in a regulated market for hemp and hemp products.
Sensible cannabis regulation forms the basis for the protection of young people and consumers, quality assurance, the fight against the black market and the sustainable development of the Swiss hemp industry.
About IG Hemp
IG Hemp is the trade association of the Swiss cannabis industry. It represents its members vis-à-vis politicians, authorities and the public. In doing so, it promotes exchange and cooperation among members, thereby strengthening the cannabis industry in Switzerland.
Their mission is to create a regulated cannabis market to ensure Switzerland is at the forefront of the global cannabis industry. IG Hemp sets new standards for its members and the industry. First and foremost with the quality label Swiss Certified Cannabis, which guarantees reliable product and consumer safety. IG Hanf is also a founding member of the Cannabis Consensus Switzerland association, in which organizations and political parties jointly pave the way for an open and responsible approach to cannabis.
Further information: www.ighanf.ch | www.swiss-certified-cannabis.ch | www.ighanf.ch/ehrenkodex
CBD hemp has gained tremendous popularity in recent years as more and more people discover the plant’s many health benefits. But how is CBD hemp actually consumed? In this article, we will take a closer look at different consumption methods for CBD hemp and help you find the best one for you.
The basics of the endocannabinoid system
Before we get into the different forms of consumption, it is important to understand the endocannabinoid system. This fascinating system in our body plays a key role in regulating various physiological processes such as pain perception, mood and appetite. CBD interacts with this system to produce a variety of beneficial effects.
What is an endocannabinoid?
The term phytocannabinoid is used for the plant cannabinoids that appear in the hemp plant. In contrast, there are the "endocannabinoids": cannabinoids produced by our bodies that exert their effects in the ECS (endocannabinoid system).
CBD oil: one of the most popular forms of consumption
CBD oil is undoubtedly one of the most popular forms of consumption for CBD hemp. It is made from extracted cannabidiol and can be taken orally by dripping a few drops under the tongue. This method allows CBD to be rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream. Thus, the desired effect also occurs quickly.
CBD capsules are another convenient form of consumption. Each capsule contains a pre-dosed amount of CBD, which facilitates accurate dosing. This form is especially good for those who do not like the taste of CBD oil or are looking for a discreet way to take it. The effect is somewhat slower than CBD oil, but it lasts longer.
CBD edibles are available in the form of gummy bears, chocolates, cookies and other treats. They are a popular choice for those who want to incorporate CBD into their daily diet. Note, however, that the effects of CBD edibles may take longer, as the cannabidiol first enters the bloodstream through digestion.
If you’re looking for targeted pain relief or skin care, CBD creams and ointments might be the right choice. These products are applied topically to the skin and can help relieve muscle pain, joint inflammation and skin problems without causing psychoactive effects.
The variety of consumption methods for CBD hemp allows everyone to find the right way to enjoy the benefits of this amazing natural substance. Whether you prefer CBD oil, capsules, edibles, or topicals depends on your individual needs and preferences. Now that you know the different forms of consumption, you can choose the best one for you.
On the road after cannabis use – what actually applies? And how does that work with CBD hemp? Unlike alcohol, the rules that apply to cannabis on the road are not yet part of general knowledge in Switzerland. While there are well-known principles (“No drugs behind the wheel”). However, these are moderately helpful when it comes to concrete everyday situations.
The most important in a nutshell
Autofahren mit THC im Blut (>1.5ng/mL) ist stark illegal.
Der vereinzelte Konsum von CBD-Hanf führt zu THC-Werten von weniger als 1.5ng/mL und ist daher rechtlich kein Problem. Trotzdem kann selbst wenig CBD-Hanf zu einem positiven Drogenschnelltest führen und ein mühsames Verfahren auslösen. Bei regelmässigem Konsum von CBD-Hanf ist es gut möglich, dass der THC-Gehalt im Blut über die 1.5ng/mL steigt.Eine THC-Konzentration von 3-4.1 ng/mL beeinflusst die Fahrfähigkeit in etwa gleich stark wie 0,5‰ Alkohol.
Das Unfallrisiko ist besonders in der ersten Stunde nach dem Konsum von THC-haltigem Cannabis grösser.
Der Mischkonsum von THC und Alkohol verschlechtert die Fahrfähigkeit besonders stark.
The current THC limit for road traffic
The law sets a THC limit of 1.5 ng/mL (1.5 nanograms of THC per milliliter of blood) in road traffic. That makes everything clear, doesn’t it? Of course not. To understand the whole situation, we need to backtrack a bit.
The limit value of 1.5ng/mL is an “analytical limit value”. Thus, it does not matter whether or not the ability to drive was actually impaired. It is true that in the case of alcohol, too, the number of promillas is simply measured and not tested to see whether the person is driving dangerously because of it. However, the two limits are fundamentally different: 0.5‰ alcohol in the blood is considered a level above which the ability to drive decreases significantly. This limit has been established with numerous scientific studies. The THC limit, on the other hand, is relatively arbitrary. It is high enough that the measuring instruments can be relied upon – but so low that it amounts to de facto zero tolerance. This means that if a person has consumed THC, this value is always exceeded. And it remains exceeded even after the actual effect in the body has already ceased.
Why is there zero tolerance?
There are various justifications for the different rules for alcohol and cannabis. One argument is based on the fact that cannabis use is illegal anyway – and therefore zero tolerance is appropriate. Since there is already a possibility to punish cannabis users with the narcotics law, this argumentation is quite absurd.
Another line of argument is based on the fact that it is not possible to set a fair limit. Because especially with cannabis, the differences in the mode of action are huge. What active ingredients were present in the variety consumed? Was it a variety with a lot or little THC? Does the person use cannabis regularly or was it a spontaneous use? Was only THC consumed or also alcohol? How quickly does this specific person’s body break down THC? These and many more factors influence the impact of THC on driving ability.
Last but not least, unlike alcohol, in an illegal cannabis market it is simply not possible for consumers to know the THC content of the strain they are consuming. And since cannabis can be consumed in a variety of ways, no general “guideline” values can be established, as is done with a glass of wine or a bottle of beer. Consumers would almost have to have their blood analyzed to know if they now have too much THC in their blood.
Why zero tolerance does not work
In practice, this zero tolerance does not prove itself at all. People who are not a danger to road traffic are traveling illegally. Be it because they use cannabis regularly and therefore actually live constantly with a THC concentration of more than 1.5ng/mL or because a rapid drug test by the police could not distinguish between CBD hemp and THC-containing cannabis.
Especially in the case of regular cannabis use, THC remains detectable even after the effect has long passed. If cannabis is used infrequently, 6h should usually be sufficient for the THC level in the blood to fall back below 1.5ng/mL. In the case of regular consumption, however, the value would only fall below 1.5 again after a break of several days. So even if there is a night’s sleep or even more time between the joint and the car ride, driving is illegal for regular users.
As mentioned above, zero tolerance offers problems not only in relation to currently illegal cannabis, but also in the consumption of CBD hemp. In Switzerland, CBD hemp is allowed to contain up to 1% THC. This is usually not enough for a THC content of 1.5ng/mL in the blood. It can happen, however, that a rapid drug test by the police comes out positive. From this point on, a complex procedure begins with blood & urine tests, possibly a provisional suspension of the driver’s license and, as a case from practice shows, even with high procedural costs.
Solutions for the regulation of THC in road traffic
The current rules for cannabis on the road are already unsatisfactory. They are even less suitable for a society with a regulated cannabis market. With the current rules, one would have to choose either cannabis or driving – a combination would simply not be possible. So, at the latest in the context of cannabis legalization, no matter what form it takes, something has to change. Current findings on the actual relationship between THC concentration in the blood and driving ability provide clues. A look at other countries can also help.
Current knowledge about THC and driving ability
A study commissioned by the FOPH examined the issue of THC in road traffic. For theTHC concentration in the blood, they came to the following results: At 1-2.5ng/mL there are first impairments. Only at 3-4.1ng/mL are the limitations of coordination and reaction comparable to 0.5‰ alcohol. In fact, cannabis users with 5ng/mL or more are involved in more accidents. THC does indeed have a not insignificant influence on driving ability. However, as with alcohol, the effect depends on the dose. Another revealing result of the study: users were more frequently involved in accidents in the first hour. After 2 to 4 hours, the risk decreases again significantly.
It is true that too high a THC content also worsens the ability to react and the coordination behind the wheel. Unlike alcohol, however, cannabis does not promote risk-taking – a pretty significant difference for road safety….
However, it is important to note for all cannabis users that mixed use of cannabis and alcohol massively impairs the ability to drive. Even if a beer alone as well as a single joint is not yet too big a risk, both together make driving a very dangerous thing.
Legislation in other states
European limits for THC in blood
In Europe alone, there are many different ways of dealing with THC on the road. Sweden, Spain and Slovenia have a hard zero tolerance, which goes even further than the regulation in Switzerland. There, the values are so low that presumably caution is already required when consuming CBD hemp that is legal in Switzerland.
In Germany, France, Belgium and some other countries, a system similar to that in Switzerland is being implemented. True, there is a small tolerance range. However, this has no direct connection with the proven inability to drive, but corresponds to what can be measured beyond doubt. Great Britain, Portugal, Poland and the Czech Republic have set the limit values at 2 or 3 ng/mL where the influence on driving ability is actually present.
The rules in Norway and the Netherlands are somewhat more specific. In Norway, the penalties imposed differ depending on the THC concentration in the blood. In the Netherlands, a distinction is made between the use of cannabis and the mixed use of cannabis and alcohol, with mixed use being punished more severely.
And beware: just because there are no official limits in many countries (Italy, Austria, Baltic States, …) does not mean that there are no penalties. As a rule, the penalties there are simply based on the Narcotics Act.
What’s next in Switzerland?
It is still unclear how Swiss politicians intend to solve the issue of cannabis in road traffic in the future. The aforementioned study was commissioned as part of the pilot projects. So at least it was recognized that the current solution was no good. The study describes three scenarios for the future. Either the policy is stubborn and the current limit value is maintained. If the limit is to be changed, it will most likely be raised to 3 ng/mL as in other countries. This would create a counterpart to the 0.5‰. However, it is also conceivable that Switzerland will take inspiration from Norway and not only define a limit value, but also introduce a gradation with penalties of varying severity. The Netherlands, with its own rules for mixed consumption of alcohol and cannabis, could also serve as an inspiration.
But it will be a while before anything actually changes. Presumably, the issue will be addressed when the cannabis law, which is to emerge from PI Siegenthaler, is also being negotiated in the Federal Parliament.
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