In Switzerland, several pilot projects on the regulated sale and consumption of cannabis have been underway for some time with the aim of collecting data for a possible new legal regulation. These projects allow study participants to legally purchase and consume cannabis for recreational purposes in a controlled setting.
For example, the largest cannabis trial in Switzerland to date was launched in Zurich in May 2024. Here, around 7,500 test subjects can buy cannabis products in special sales outlets and pharmacies. They are scientifically supervised in order to record consumption and its effects. At the same time, there is a control group of 2,500 people who do not have access to legal cannabis in order to better understand differences in consumer behavior.
Basel is also running a similar project called “Grashaus Projects”, which monitors the legal sale of cannabis containing THC. The research focuses on the effects of regulated consumption and its possible health and social consequences. In addition to direct consumption data, the effects on youth protection, prevention and education are also being investigated
TheSCRIPT study (Safer Cannabis – Research In Pharmacies) is investigating the legal sale of cannabis in pharmacies in Switzerland. Following the successful launch in Bern, the project was also extended to Biel and Lucerne. Participants are randomized to buy cannabis products in pharmacies either immediately or after a six-month waiting period. The aim of the study is to collect data on the safe and controlled use of cannabis , which should form a basis for future legal regulations. The study management is working closely with the cities and pharmacies to monitor and evaluate the pilot trial. The aim is to gain insights into preferred places of consumption, purchasing behavior and consumption motives.
You can find more information about the study on the official SCRIPT studywebsite.
Herba di Berna’s perspective on pilot projects and cannabis regulation
As a company committed to the healthy and responsible use of cannabis, we at Herba di Berna welcome the ongoing pilot projects in Switzerland. These studies, such as the SCRIPT study in Bern, Biel and Lucerne and the large-scale projects in Zurichand Basel, provide valuable insights into the effects of regulated cannabis use. They provide important data that will be crucial for future new legislation.
Herba di Berna supports the scientific recording of consumer behavior in a controlled environment, as it contributes to safe and informed use. Projects like these can help to destigmatize cannabis use and at the same time establish clear guidelines for prevention and youth protection.
Conclusion
The increasing number of pilot studies shows that Switzerland is on the way to transparent and controlled cannabis regulation. We see this research as a great opportunity to better understand the market and offer targeted, health-beneficial products that promote responsible consumption. We support the approach of collecting science-based data to inform policy decisions and make consumption safer and more sustainable.
Did you know that the hemp plant contains over 113 different cannabinoids? This amazing diversity is the key to a deep understanding of the effects and benefits that hemp holds for our body and mind. In this blog post, we take a closer look at the different cannabinoids contained in the plant. But also on its unique functions and the so-called entourage effect. We also share our views on why this topic is particularly important to us and why we are bringing it closer to our community.
What are cannabinoids?
Cannabinoids are chemical compounds found in the hemp plant. They interact with our endocannabinoid system, a complex network of receptors and neurotransmitters that plays an important role in regulating various bodily functions. Although CBD and THC are the most well-known cannabinoids, there are many others that are worth discovering.
One exciting aspect of cannabinoids is the entourage effect. This describes the phenomenon that the various cannabinoids, terpenes and other compounds in the hemp plant act synergistically and thus enhance the overall effect. This means that the combination of these substances often produces stronger effects than isolated compounds. These synergies open up new possibilities for therapeutic applications.
The unknown cannabinoids
While CBD and THC are already the subject of intensive research, there are many other cannabinoids that are still largely unexplored. These include compounds such as CBG (cannabigerol) and CBN (cannabinol), which could show promising properties. These lesser-known cannabinoids could potentially help in the treatment of pain, anxiety or sleep disorders – but more scientific studies are needed to confirm this.
Our views
We believe that the potential of the hemp plant goes far beyond what is currently known and so we have a particular interest in bringing this to the attention of society. At a time when many people are looking for natural alternatives to conventional medicines , it is crucial to understand the full range of active ingredients in the hemp plant. It is our conviction that comprehensive research and education will not only increase knowledge about the hemp plant, but also revolutionize its use in health promotion.
Why are we reporting on this?
Knowledge is power: We want to give you the opportunity to make your own informed decisions about the use of hemp products, but also to know what they do to your body. By sharing knowledge about lesser-known cannabinoids, we hope to highlight the benefits for health and well-being.
Educating people about natural alternatives: In a world where many people are looking for natural cures , it is important to highlight the versatility of the hemp plant. We believe that it can be a valuable alternative to conventional treatments.
Promoting open discussion: We want to provide a platform where our community can ask questions and initiate discussions about the application and research of hemp products. Open communication is the key to better understanding.
Supporting research: By emphasizing the importance of further studies on unknown cannabinoids, we want to raise awareness of the need for scientific research. Every step towards more knowledge can expand the potential of hemp.
Conclusion:
We believe that the hemp plant is an impressive natural product that has far more to offer than just CBD and THC. The diversity of cannabinoids and their interaction within the entourage effect opens up exciting prospects for the future of health promotion. Stay tuned as we continue to explore the secrets of this amazing plant and share our knowledge with you!
Do you have any questions or want to know more about a specific cannabinoid? Let us know and share it with you!
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Who consumes CBD in Switzerland? – Insights from a national survey
In recent years, interest in CBD has grown enormously in Switzerland and Europe. Many consumers are discovering the positive effects of the natural active ingredient extracted from the cannabis sativa plant. Awareness of the potential benefits of cannabidiol, or CBD for short, is growing steadily, particularly with regard to relaxation, pain relief and stress reduction. To find out more about CBD consumers in Switzerland, IG Hemp conducted a survey in collaboration with the online CBD store uWeed. The results provide fascinating insights into the profiles and preferences of Swiss CBD users.
Who are the Swiss CBD consumers?
The study included 1170 participants, representing a cross-section of CBD consumers in Switzerland. One of the most important results: A majority of respondents use CBD primarily to relieve stress and relax. More than 50% of survey participants say they use CBD for relaxation, while 46% use it to help them sleep better. Others use CBD for pain relief (26%) or to alleviate psychological stress such as anxiety or depression (14%). A smaller proportion of participants use CBD specifically to relieve symptoms of chronic conditions.
High level of education, but not high earnings
It is interesting to note that many Swiss CBD users are better educated than average. Almost 41% of participants have a university or college degree – significantly more than the national average of around 31%.
However, this does not mean that this group is particularly high-income. Around 40% of respondents earn less than CHF 50,000 per year, and only 16% have an income of over CHF 100,000. These figures also reflect the young average age of consumers: over half of the participants are between 18 and 40 years old, and only 22% are over 50.
This illustration underlines that a high level of education does not necessarily correlate with a high income, especially among CBD consumers in Switzerland.
The graph on the left shows the proportion of participants with a university or college degree (41%) compared to the national average of 31%. The graph on the right shows the income distribution:
40% of respondents earn less than CHF 50,000 per year.
Only 16% earn an income of more than CHF 100,000 per year.
Gender-specific differences in CBD consumption
One striking point is that men use CBD significantly more often than women. Two thirds of the survey participants were male, which indicates that men are leading the way in this market. The study also shows that men are more likely to be long-term users: More than a third of the male participants have been consuming CBD for more than two years, while almost half of the women have only been at it for less than six months. There are also gender-specific differences in the preferred products: While men often reach for CBD flowers, women tend to opt for CBD oil.
Here is the chart showing the gender differences in CBD consumption in Switzerland. The left graph shows the gender distribution among CBD users:
66% of consumers are male.
34% of consumers are female.
The chart on the right shows the duration of use by gender:
33% of men consume CBD for more than two years.
50% of women have only been using CBD for less than six months.
These differences show that men tend to start using CBD earlier and women are more likely to be newcomers to this market.
Online shopping and information procurement
Most CBD consumers in Switzerland prefer to shop online: 74% order their products online. This is not least due to the increased use of online shopping since the start of the pandemic. Of these, 58% buy on multi-brand platforms, 35% directly from individual brands and 6% on marketplaces such as Amazon or Galaxus.
The way in which information about CBD is obtained also varies between the sexes. While men tend to rely on online sources such as specialist blogs and social networks, women rely more often on recommendations from their personal environment. The study also shows that consumers mainly look for information about the health benefits of CBD and the effects of the various products.
At Herba di Berna you will also find many blog posts on the website where you can find professional information about the consumption of CBD in its various forms. The specialist store on Scheibenstrasse is also always the place to go for non-binding advice on oils, flowers and other methods of taking CBD and what to look out for.
Swiss CBD consumers primarily prefer CBD flowers and oils. Both products are very popular, but differ in their style of use: flowers are often smoked or vaporized, resulting in a quick, intense effect, while CBD oil offers a milder, longer-lasting effect. Interestingly, flower users are more likely to consume it in social settings, while oil tends to be used alone. These differences show that the choice of product depends not only on the desired effect, but also strongly on the respective social context.
CBD as an alternative to THC?
Another aspect that the survey sheds light on is the relationship of CBD users to THC, the psychoactive component of the cannabis plant. Over half of the participants do not consume any illegal substances, followed by cannabis products containing THC. Of those who use both, 74% stated that they also use tobacco, and almost half occasionally use illegal cannabis. Should THC one day be legalized in Switzerland, more than half of users would still retain CBD as a supplement or even as a substitute.
Conclusion
The survey by IG Hemp and uWeed shows that CBD is already established in many areas of life in Switzerland. Consumers are well informed and pay attention to the quality of the products. Despite the growing interest, the market remains in flux, especially as the profile of users continues to diversify. Whether as a means of relaxation, to alleviate ailments or as an alternative to THC – the demand for CBD products is likely to continue to grow in the future.
Further information on the consumption habits and needs of CBD consumers in Switzerland can be found in the full report by IG Hanf und uWeed【Quelle】.
In a world where movement and activity play a central role, the natural care of our joints is of the utmost importance. But sometimes even the best of us need a helping hand to withstand the daily stresses and strains. This is where the CBD joint gel from Herba di Berna comes into play – an innovative solution based on natural ingredients that brings your joints back to life.
Why CBD joint gel?
The unique combination of CBD, arnica, horse chestnut and devil’s claw makes this joint gel a real boon for tired muscles and stressed joints. CBD, also known as cannabidiol, is a natural substance extracted from the hemp plant and offers a variety of health benefits. Its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties can help to alleviate joint pain and support regeneration after physical exertion.
The power of nature for your joints
Arnica, horse chestnut and devil’s claw have long been known for their anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties. Together with CBD, they form an optimal combination of natural ingredients that can positively influence the regeneration of the musculoskeletal system. Our joint gel therefore offers an effective and gentle way to relieve joint pain and improve mobility.
Who is CBD joint gel suitable for?
This joint gel is suitable for anyone suffering from joint pain, muscle tension or other musculoskeletal complaints. Whether you’re an avid athlete looking for a quick recovery after an intense workout or just someone looking for natural solutions to joint pain, Herba di Berna’s CBD joint gel is the answer you’ve been looking for.
Natural refreshment for your joints
The joint gel impresses with its effectiveness, rapid absorption and pleasantly refreshing fragrance. Apply it after training or when needed and feel your joints breathe a sigh of relief and relax.
Available in practical packaging
The CBD gel is available in a practical 75 ml container as an airless dispenser. Give yourself and your joints the care they deserve and discover natural relief with the CBD joint gel from Herba di Berna.
With its anti-inflammatory properties, it is a popular natural remedy for injuries and pain. Arnica can accelerate wound healing and reduce swelling. It is also often used for bruises, sore muscles and arthritis. Arnica is safe for external use. All in all, arnica is a valuable plant with impressive healing properties.
Devil’s claw
Devil’s claw, a plant from southern Africa, has made a name for itself due to its medicinal properties. Its root, which originates from southern Africa, is traditionally used to relieve joint and muscle pain. Especially for arthritis and back pain. The anti-inflammatory properties of devil’s claw can reduce swelling and improve mobility. Devil’s claw is a promising option for people looking for natural pain relief solutions.
Horse chestnut
Its seeds are often prized for their ability to relieve the symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, including swelling, pain and heaviness in the legs. This is due to their anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective properties.
IG Hemp, 10.10.2023(As a member of IG Hemp we distribute this post in our blog)
Following the listing of several substances with a suspected psychoactive effect in the Narcotics Schedule Ordinance in spring 2023[1]On October 9, 2023, at the request of Swissmedic, the Federal Department of Home Affairs (FDHA) inspected a further 10 individual substances and one group of substances in order to combat the misuse of new synthetic substances as narcotics.[2]
A substance group of synthetic cannabinoids as well as the individual substances HHCP, delta-9- THCP, delta-8-THCP, H4CBD and other substances will be subject to authorization in Switzerland from October 9, 2023 and may not be manufactured, traded or dispensed.[3] Authorizations can be applied for industrial and scientific use (Art. 7 para. 2 in conjunction with Art. 4 and Art. 5 BetmG and BetmVV-EDI, Annex 6 List e). Cannabinoids naturally occurring in the hemp plant such as CBD, CBC, CBG are not affected by the ban .
IG Hemp Switzerland welcomes the listing of these substances as an important step towards protecting the health of citizens. The listing has also created more legal certainty for traders in Switzerland.
The recurring listing of synthetic and semi-synthetic cannabinoids by the EDI clearly shows that the problem has not been effectively resolved since 2011. Effective health protection can only be ensured in a regulated market for hemp and hemp products.
Sensible cannabis regulation forms the basis for the protection of young people and consumers, quality assurance, the fight against the black market and the sustainable development of the Swiss hemp industry.
About IG Hemp
IG Hemp is the trade association of the Swiss cannabis industry. It represents its members vis-à-vis politicians, authorities and the public. In doing so, it promotes exchange and cooperation among members, thereby strengthening the cannabis industry in Switzerland.
Their mission is to create a regulated cannabis market to ensure Switzerland is at the forefront of the global cannabis industry. IG Hemp sets new standards for its members and the industry. First and foremost with the quality label Swiss Certified Cannabis, which guarantees reliable product and consumer safety. IG Hanf is also a founding member of the Cannabis Consensus Switzerland association, in which organizations and political parties jointly pave the way for an open and responsible approach to cannabis.
Further information: www.ighanf.ch | www.swiss-certified-cannabis.ch | www.ighanf.ch/ehrenkodex
On the road after cannabis use – what actually applies? And how does that work with CBD hemp? Unlike alcohol, the rules that apply to cannabis on the road are not yet part of general knowledge in Switzerland. While there are well-known principles (“No drugs behind the wheel”). However, these are moderately helpful when it comes to concrete everyday situations.
The most important in a nutshell
Autofahren mit THC im Blut (>1.5ng/mL) ist stark illegal.
Der vereinzelte Konsum von CBD-Hanf führt zu THC-Werten von weniger als 1.5ng/mL und ist daher rechtlich kein Problem. Trotzdem kann selbst wenig CBD-Hanf zu einem positiven Drogenschnelltest führen und ein mühsames Verfahren auslösen. Bei regelmässigem Konsum von CBD-Hanf ist es gut möglich, dass der THC-Gehalt im Blut über die 1.5ng/mL steigt.Eine THC-Konzentration von 3-4.1 ng/mL beeinflusst die Fahrfähigkeit in etwa gleich stark wie 0,5‰ Alkohol.
Das Unfallrisiko ist besonders in der ersten Stunde nach dem Konsum von THC-haltigem Cannabis grösser.
Der Mischkonsum von THC und Alkohol verschlechtert die Fahrfähigkeit besonders stark.
The current THC limit for road traffic
The law sets a THC limit of 1.5 ng/mL (1.5 nanograms of THC per milliliter of blood) in road traffic. That makes everything clear, doesn’t it? Of course not. To understand the whole situation, we need to backtrack a bit.
The limit value of 1.5ng/mL is an “analytical limit value”. Thus, it does not matter whether or not the ability to drive was actually impaired. It is true that in the case of alcohol, too, the number of promillas is simply measured and not tested to see whether the person is driving dangerously because of it. However, the two limits are fundamentally different: 0.5‰ alcohol in the blood is considered a level above which the ability to drive decreases significantly. This limit has been established with numerous scientific studies. The THC limit, on the other hand, is relatively arbitrary. It is high enough that the measuring instruments can be relied upon – but so low that it amounts to de facto zero tolerance. This means that if a person has consumed THC, this value is always exceeded. And it remains exceeded even after the actual effect in the body has already ceased.
Why is there zero tolerance?
There are various justifications for the different rules for alcohol and cannabis. One argument is based on the fact that cannabis use is illegal anyway – and therefore zero tolerance is appropriate. Since there is already a possibility to punish cannabis users with the narcotics law, this argumentation is quite absurd.
Another line of argument is based on the fact that it is not possible to set a fair limit. Because especially with cannabis, the differences in the mode of action are huge. What active ingredients were present in the variety consumed? Was it a variety with a lot or little THC? Does the person use cannabis regularly or was it a spontaneous use? Was only THC consumed or also alcohol? How quickly does this specific person’s body break down THC? These and many more factors influence the impact of THC on driving ability.
Last but not least, unlike alcohol, in an illegal cannabis market it is simply not possible for consumers to know the THC content of the strain they are consuming. And since cannabis can be consumed in a variety of ways, no general “guideline” values can be established, as is done with a glass of wine or a bottle of beer. Consumers would almost have to have their blood analyzed to know if they now have too much THC in their blood.
Why zero tolerance does not work
In practice, this zero tolerance does not prove itself at all. People who are not a danger to road traffic are traveling illegally. Be it because they use cannabis regularly and therefore actually live constantly with a THC concentration of more than 1.5ng/mL or because a rapid drug test by the police could not distinguish between CBD hemp and THC-containing cannabis.
Especially in the case of regular cannabis use, THC remains detectable even after the effect has long passed. If cannabis is used infrequently, 6h should usually be sufficient for the THC level in the blood to fall back below 1.5ng/mL. In the case of regular consumption, however, the value would only fall below 1.5 again after a break of several days. So even if there is a night’s sleep or even more time between the joint and the car ride, driving is illegal for regular users.
As mentioned above, zero tolerance offers problems not only in relation to currently illegal cannabis, but also in the consumption of CBD hemp. In Switzerland, CBD hemp is allowed to contain up to 1% THC. This is usually not enough for a THC content of 1.5ng/mL in the blood. It can happen, however, that a rapid drug test by the police comes out positive. From this point on, a complex procedure begins with blood & urine tests, possibly a provisional suspension of the driver’s license and, as a case from practice shows, even with high procedural costs.
Solutions for the regulation of THC in road traffic
The current rules for cannabis on the road are already unsatisfactory. They are even less suitable for a society with a regulated cannabis market. With the current rules, one would have to choose either cannabis or driving – a combination would simply not be possible. So, at the latest in the context of cannabis legalization, no matter what form it takes, something has to change. Current findings on the actual relationship between THC concentration in the blood and driving ability provide clues. A look at other countries can also help.
Current knowledge about THC and driving ability
A study commissioned by the FOPH examined the issue of THC in road traffic. For theTHC concentration in the blood, they came to the following results: At 1-2.5ng/mL there are first impairments. Only at 3-4.1ng/mL are the limitations of coordination and reaction comparable to 0.5‰ alcohol. In fact, cannabis users with 5ng/mL or more are involved in more accidents. THC does indeed have a not insignificant influence on driving ability. However, as with alcohol, the effect depends on the dose. Another revealing result of the study: users were more frequently involved in accidents in the first hour. After 2 to 4 hours, the risk decreases again significantly.
It is true that too high a THC content also worsens the ability to react and the coordination behind the wheel. Unlike alcohol, however, cannabis does not promote risk-taking – a pretty significant difference for road safety….
However, it is important to note for all cannabis users that mixed use of cannabis and alcohol massively impairs the ability to drive. Even if a beer alone as well as a single joint is not yet too big a risk, both together make driving a very dangerous thing.
Legislation in other states
European limits for THC in blood
In Europe alone, there are many different ways of dealing with THC on the road. Sweden, Spain and Slovenia have a hard zero tolerance, which goes even further than the regulation in Switzerland. There, the values are so low that presumably caution is already required when consuming CBD hemp that is legal in Switzerland.
In Germany, France, Belgium and some other countries, a system similar to that in Switzerland is being implemented. True, there is a small tolerance range. However, this has no direct connection with the proven inability to drive, but corresponds to what can be measured beyond doubt. Great Britain, Portugal, Poland and the Czech Republic have set the limit values at 2 or 3 ng/mL where the influence on driving ability is actually present.
The rules in Norway and the Netherlands are somewhat more specific. In Norway, the penalties imposed differ depending on the THC concentration in the blood. In the Netherlands, a distinction is made between the use of cannabis and the mixed use of cannabis and alcohol, with mixed use being punished more severely.
And beware: just because there are no official limits in many countries (Italy, Austria, Baltic States, …) does not mean that there are no penalties. As a rule, the penalties there are simply based on the Narcotics Act.
What’s next in Switzerland?
It is still unclear how Swiss politicians intend to solve the issue of cannabis in road traffic in the future. The aforementioned study was commissioned as part of the pilot projects. So at least it was recognized that the current solution was no good. The study describes three scenarios for the future. Either the policy is stubborn and the current limit value is maintained. If the limit is to be changed, it will most likely be raised to 3 ng/mL as in other countries. This would create a counterpart to the 0.5‰. However, it is also conceivable that Switzerland will take inspiration from Norway and not only define a limit value, but also introduce a gradation with penalties of varying severity. The Netherlands, with its own rules for mixed consumption of alcohol and cannabis, could also serve as an inspiration.
But it will be a while before anything actually changes. Presumably, the issue will be addressed when the cannabis law, which is to emerge from PI Siegenthaler, is also being negotiated in the Federal Parliament.
Cannabis investments have experienced a real boom in recent years. Thus, even non-experts of the hemp industry and small investors could benefit from an extremely profitable and tempting business. In addition to the shares of cannabis companies traded on the stock exchange, for some time now dubious companies have also been offering cannabis cuttings for sale, which are supposed to produce dreamlike yields when harvested – crowd growing is the name of this enticing principle.
IG Hemp, August 2023 (As a member of IG Hemp, we also publish this scam warning on our blog).
The offers of these companies are obviously formulated to circumvent local financial market laws. For example, plants, crops, plant sites are sold (i.e. financial investments disguised as goods or services), sometimes lifetime incomes are promised with completely illusory returns. At least most of these offerings are pretty clearly prohibited Ponzi schemes or Ponzi pyramids, with new investors being paid with the deposits of old investors. This is the only way to explain the unrealistic returns.
For example, on July 1, various media portals reported that the JuicyFields company was an “exit scam” and that the Ponzi snowball scheme had collapsed, while millions of dollars in investor deposits had disappeared. An “exit scam” is a type of fraud in which someone collects advance payments for goods or services to be delivered while the business is in operation, without providing the agreed-upon consideration, and after a period of time, disappears with the customers’ money.
In the meantime, both in Switzerland and abroad, there are more and more companies that rely on exactly such a model and do not shy away from using the logos of associations and companies as references without permission. An example of this is the company “Budbird” or Green Agrotrade AG. IG Hemp has already asked this company several times in writing to remove the logo of our association from its website and from the company presentation, unfortunately without success.
IG Hanf – the trade association of the Swiss cannabis industry – advises investors considering an investment in cannabis companies to always subject them to close scrutiny in advance and to consult a professional advisor if necessary. For example, one should never invest in a company without knowing the latest financial statements, including the auditor’s report, or the business plan and strategy.
Currently, IG Hemp is receiving an increasing number of inquiries about other domestic and foreign companies that operate a similar business model to JuicyFields.
About IG Hemp
IG Hemp is the trade association of the Swiss cannabis industry. It represents its members vis-à-vis politicians, authorities and the public. In doing so, it promotes exchange and cooperation among members, thereby strengthening the cannabis industry in Switzerland.
Their mission is to create a regulated cannabis market to ensure Switzerland is at the forefront of the global cannabis industry. IG Hemp sets new standards for its members and the industry. First and foremost with the quality label Swiss Certified Cannabis, which guarantees reliable product and consumer safety. IG Hanf is also a founding member of the Cannabis Consensus Switzerland association, in which organizations and political parties jointly pave the way for an open and responsible approach to cannabis.
Further information: www.ighanf.ch | www.swiss-certified-cannabis.ch | www.ighanf.ch/ehrenkodex
At this point, we would like to emphasize once again that we firmly distance ourselves from such scams. The only thing we have in common with these crooks: You can invest with us, too! Of course, we offer maximum transparency instead of empty promises. We look forward to hearing from you:
It has already been confirmed several times by the Federal Court that possession of less than 10 grams of cannabis does not constitute a criminal offense.[1] It was previously unclear whether the cannabis could be confiscated by the courts. This issue was clarified by the Federal Court on June 19, 2023.
Contribution of IG Hemp, July 2023(As a member of IG Hemp, Herba di Berna reproduces here an up-to-date information of the association).
What happened?
In 2019, the Border Guard Corps checked a man at the St. Margrethen train station who was carrying 2.7 grams of marijuana and 0.6 grams of hashish. The Rheintal District Court acquitted him of the charge of a violation of the Narcotics Act (BetmG). However, it ordered the confiscation and destruction of the seized cannabis. The Cantonal Court of St. Gallen confirmed the decision. The man defended himself against this in federal court and was proven right. Anyone who prepares a small amount of cannabis for their own consumption is not liable to prosecution under Article 19b(1) of the Narcotics Act. According to case law, these non-punishable preparatory acts include acquisition and possession. These preparatory acts for consumption are legal, which is why the person concerned is not committing an inducement offense by doing so. In its 2011 report on the introduction of the administrative fine procedure for cannabis use, the National Council’s Commission for Social Security and Health argued that only the cannabis product that was currently being used could be confiscated. However, a small amount that the offender only carries with him or her cannot be confiscated. This view of the Commission has now been confirmed by the Federal Supreme Court in its latest decision 6B_911/2021 Judgment of June 19, 2023.
A small amount of cannabis (up to 10 grams) intended for personal consumption may not be confiscated by the police and the courts for destruction. The ordered DNA collection was found to be unlawful. However, the man must pay CHF 500 in procedural costs and, according to the verdict, his filter tips were confiscated for destruction.
What does this ruling mean?
The ruling is a clear statement by the Federal Court against the unnecessary penalization of cannabis users. In this case, the Federal Court dealt exclusively with the technical aspects of the confiscability of small amounts of cannabis. Unauthorized use of cannabis remains a criminal offense under this ruling. The ruling is an important piece of the mosaic in the process of decriminalizing cannabis. Various questions arise regarding the impact of the ruling.
1. has the cultivation and importation of small amounts of cannabis been legalized with the ruling?
According to Hug-Beeli, the preparation of a small quantity of less than 10 grams per week includes cultivation, production, other forms of production, storage, possession, acquisition, transportation in, out and through the country and other types of offences.[2] The cultivation and importation of small quantities (up to 10 grams) of cannabis may be considered legal under Swiss law in this respect. To date, there is no case law on this issue.
2. when can the public prosecutor’s offices and courts assume a minor case of consumption of cannabis pursuant to article 19a paragraph 2 of the Narcotics Act, which would mean exemption from punishment for the user?
Unfortunately, this question is still unresolved. For adults with moderate and socially inconspicuous use, punishment for use is not perceived as appropriate. In general, the use of cannabis should be exempt from punishment.
We are interested in your opinion. Let us know what conclusions you draw from the ruling and what it means for hemp lovers in Switzerland.
[2]Hug-Beeli, Betäubungsmittelgesetz (BetmG), Kommentar zum Bundesgesetz über die Betäubungsmittel und die psychotropen Stoffe vom 3. Oktober 1951, 2016, Art. 19b N 41.
Author: Tom(IG Hemp)
About IG Hemp
IG Hemp is the trade association of the Swiss cannabis industry. It represents its members vis-à-vis politicians, authorities and the public. In doing so, it promotes exchange and cooperation among members, thereby strengthening the cannabis industry in Switzerland.
Their mission is to create a regulated cannabis market to ensure Switzerland is at the forefront of the global cannabis industry. IG Hemp sets new standards for its members and the industry. First and foremost with the quality label Swiss Certified Cannabis, which guarantees reliable product and consumer safety. IG Hanf is also a founding member of the Cannabis Consensus Switzerland association, in which organizations and political parties jointly pave the way for an open and responsible approach to cannabis.
Further information: www.ighanf.ch | www.swiss-certified-cannabis.ch | www.ighanf.ch/ehrenkodex
The endocannabinoid system is a fascinating regulatory system in the human body that affects a wide range of functions. A key component of this system is the CB1 receptors, which play an important role in signal transduction and regulation of various processes in the body.
The importance of the endocannabinoid system
The endocannabinoid system consists of receptors, endocannabinoids, and enzymes that work together to maintain homeostasis (balance) in the body. It is involved in numerous bodily processes, including pain perception, inflammatory responses, mood regulation, appetite control, and even memory formation. The ECS is therefore significantly involved in the correct functioning of our body.
The role of CB1 receptors
Cannabinoid receptor 1 is a specific type of cannabinoid receptor found mainly in the central nervous system. Docking sites are present in high concentrations in the brain, but also to a lesser extent in other tissues such as the kidneys, liver and digestive tract. The CB1 receptor is responsible for mediating the effects of endocannabinoids such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol.
Signal transmission through CB1 receptors
When an endocannabinoid binds to a CB1 receptor, a signaling cascade is triggered, leading to modulation of neuronal activity. This can affect the release of neurotransmitters such as glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which affects information processing and neural communication in the brain. CB1-type receptors play an important role in pain modulation and can have both analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
CB1 receptors and cannabinoid substances
Cannabis is a plant that contains various cannabinoids, including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). THC is a well-known phytocannabinoid that has a strong affinity for CB1 receptors. When THC binds to CB1 receptors, it leads to the psychoactive effects associated with cannabis use. This highlights the importance of CB1 receptors in the action of cannabinoid substances.
What is a phytocannabinoid?
The term phytocannabinoid is used for the plant cannabinoids that appear in the hemp plant. In contrast, there are the "endocanbinoids": cannabinoids produced by our bodies that exert their effects in the ECS (endocannabinoid system).
Conclusion
CB1 receptors are critical to the function of the endocannabinoid system and influence a variety of bodily processes. By modulating neuronal activity and regulating neurotransmitters such as glutamate and GABA, CB1 receptors contribute to pain modulation, anti-inflammation, mood regulation, and other important functions.
It is important to emphasize that activation of CB1 receptors can occur not only by endocannabinoids but also by phytocannabinoids such as THC. This explains the psychoactive effects of THC and its effects on the central nervous system.
Due to the importance of the endocannabinoid system, cannabinoid receptors have become an important target for medical research. There is already promising evidence that targeted activation or blocking of CB1 receptors could be used to treat a variety of conditions, including chronic pain, epilepsy, anxiety disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. This research may help develop new therapeutic options and further our understanding of the role of CB1 receptors in the body.
Hemp paper is made from hemp fibers, which are extracted from the hemp plant. The production of hemp paper is a much more environmentally friendly process compared to conventional paper made from wood. In this article we will take a closer look at how paper is made from hemp and why it can become an environmentally friendly alternative.
The hemp fibers are processed into a raw material in a process called pulping, which is then used to make paper. Compared to the production of wood paper, the process of hemp paper production is more environmentally friendly. An important factor is that hemp plants grow much faster than trees.
Why is hemp paper more environmentally friendly?
Since hemp grows much faster than trees, hemp paper is ahead in terms of sustainability. used for the production of wood paper. Although the effort required for cultivation and harvesting is greater due to the shorter growth cycles, the area required can be significantly reduced. In addition, the use of chemicals in the production of hemp paper is much less compared to wood paper, because it is already naturally much whiter than wood paper.
In the end, it always depends on what the cultivation is compared to. An intensively managed hemp field can hardly compete with sustainable forestry. However, today mainly tree plantations are used for paper production, as the huge demand for paper can hardly be met with natural forests.
In the end, the most environmentally friendly variant of paper is still recycled paper. But hemp paper also offers a big advantage here: the long fibers are more resilient than wood fibers and can accordingly be recycled for longer.
Advantages of hemp paper
Hemp paper has a long tradition around the world. (Moefuzz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons)
Besides the environmental aspects, there are other advantages of hemp paper. It’s very durable and long-lasting, which means it’s less likely to break or yellow quickly. Hemp paper also has very high strength, which means that it can be used for printing documents and other materials. It is also highly absorbent, which means it is good for making tissues, toilet paper and other paper-based hygiene products.
Conclusion
Hemp paper is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional paper made from wood. It is made from hemp fiber, which grows faster than trees and therefore needs to be grown on less land. Paper production from hemp is also less energy intensive and requires the use of fewer chemicals. It is very durable and resistant and can be used for various purposes. Replacing one or the other tree plantation with hemp and increasing the proportion of hemp fiber in our papers offers great potential.
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