Herba di Berna takes a look behind the scenes of the global narcotics market

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The top 25 countries with the highest cannabis consumption

Cannabis – a topic that is often surrounded by controversy. While it still falls under strict and one-sided laws and regulations in most countries around the world, the enormous spread of cannabis use shows that its popularity, despite the laws, is and remains unbroken.

For us as a Bern CBD company, there is no doubt that it is not just about consumption and intoxication, but also about an attitude to life, the community, a statement for less pressure to perform and more quality of life in our society. We see our attachment to mankind’s oldest cultivated plant as a form of social expression.

Europe alone is home to over 22 million cannabis users, and the legalization situation often seems to have no influence on the extent of consumption. Some countries that impose draconian penalties even have a higher prevalence of cannabis use than those in which the drug has already been legalized.

In a recently published ranking, the countries with the highest cannabis consumption were identified. The data comes from various sources, including the UNODC World Drug Report and local surveys. Let’s take a look at the top 25:

25th place – North Macedonia: North Macedonia legalized medical cannabis in 2016. Despite 60+ licenses, recreational use remains illegal. Cannabis consumption rate: 6.6%.

24th place – Belgium: Recreational use illegal, but possession of small amounts decriminalized. Discussions on the modernization of cannabis policy. Cannabis consumption rate: 7%.

23rd place – Germany: Plans decriminalization and allows private cultivation. Hamburg has high cannabis consumption worldwide. Cannabis consumption rate: 7.09%.

22nd place – Ireland: recreational use illegal, medical use possible. High cannabis consumption rate, 7.1%.

21st place – Liberia: Illegal cultivation and sale, but widespread. Popular drug among young people, 7.52% consumption rate.

20th place – Switzerland: Decades after the introduction of prescription heroin and safe injection sites, Switzerland is now experimenting with the decriminalization of cannabis for recreational use. The federal government has authorized slow and steady steps to monitor the population’s reaction. Over the next ten years, attempts at decriminalization will be made, similar to the gradual approach before the introduction of prescription heroin in the 1990s. The annual prevalence of cannabis use in Switzerland is currently 7.7 percent.

19th place – Argentina: Decriminalization of small quantities, medical use legalized. Cannabis consumption rate: 8.13%.

18th place – Finland: High consumption, especially among adults. Helsinki has expensive weed, 8.2% consumption rate.

17th place – Croatia: The most popular drug is cannabis, followed by cocaine. Zagreb has high cannabis consumption. Consumption rate: 10.2%.

16th place – Italy: Medical use legal, recreational use decriminalized. Rome has high cannabis consumption. Consumption rate: 10.21%.

15th place – Netherlands: Coffeeshops since 1976, but Amsterdam is retreating. High consumption rate, 10.4%.

14th place – Monaco: Strict laws, but frequent non-enforcement. Proud consumption rate, 10.47%.

13th place – Morocco: Legalized for medical and industrial purposes. Strong in exports, high consumption rate, 10.47%.

12th place – Spain: Cannabis clubs in a gray area, Madrid has cheap weed. Consumption rate: 10.5%.

11th place – Nigeria: cultivation and export, high consumption rate. Popular drug in Africa, 10.76%.

10th place – France: Frequent consumption among older people, declining among younger people. High consumption rate, 11%.

9th place – Czech Republic: Preparing for the legal market. Consumption rate: 11.1%.

8th place – Australia: Growth in the legal industry, high consumption rate, 11.6%.

7th place – Chile: cultivation on the rise, high per capita consumption. Consumption rate: 12.05%.

6th place – Israel: Socially tolerated, widespread medical use. Consumption rate: 14%.

5th place – Uruguay: First country in modern times to legalize. High consumption rate, 14.6%.

4th place – New Zealand: half of the population has tried it, many regular consumers. Consumption rate: 15.3%.

3rd place – Jamaica: Deeply rooted in culture, medical cannabis legalized. High consumption rate, 18%.

2nd place – Canada: Legalized in 2018, steady growth of the industry. High consumption rate, 20.7%.

1st place – United States of America: Legal in many states, billion-dollar market. Highest consumption rate, 22.8%.

Our conclusion: Herba di Berna welcomes the current developments in Switzerland to decriminalize cannabis for recreational use. As a CBD company from Bern, we share the desire that the oldest cultivated plant should finally be brought out of criminalization. The approved trials over the next ten years reflect a sensible and gradual approach, similar to the successful implementation of safe injection sites and the introduction of prescription heroin in the 1990s. With a current annual prevalence of cannabis use of 7.7 percent, there is already a relevant need and acceptance among the Swiss population. We are optimistic that these developments can lead to a responsible and regulated use of cannabis and actively support these positive steps towards a modern drug policy.

Source: https://www.hanf-magazin.com/allgemeines-zum-thema-hanf/gesellschaft-soziales/high-society-die-top-25-laender-mit-dem-hoechsten-cannabiskonsum/?utm_source=Hanf+magazine&utm_campaign=258f522d4d-HMKW43_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3aaaa81d44-258f522d4d-206731114&mc_cid=258f522d4d

The legalization of cannabis in Switzerland

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A step into the future

In recent decades, the debate about the legalization of cannabis in Switzerland has intensified. The Green Party actively campaigned for legalization 30 years ago. In their position paper, the Greens take a clear stance on what any legalization should look like. Members of the Green Party have been involved in the development of this groundbreaking paper through a constructive exchange with, among others, IG Hemp and other organizations, such as addiction associations. As a specialist store, we welcome this development and see it as an opportunity for a progressive and sensible drug policy in Switzerland.

The new position paper of the Green Group

After decades of political commitment and social change, a new chapter in Swiss drug policy is about to begin thanks to the implementation of the Siegenthaler parliamentary initiative. The Greens place particular emphasis on health protection and prevention in order to reduce the negative effects of prohibition and at the same time tap into the social, medical and economic benefits of cannabis.

The proposed benchmarks for the regulation of cannabis use emphasize youth and health protection as well as the prevention of addiction. These include bans on advertising and sponsorship, sales only to adults, strict requirements for cultivation and product quality, and an earmarked prevention levy to finance addiction prevention and therapy services. The Greens advocate a moderate incentive tax and the introduction of statistical monitoring of cannabis consumption.

Politicians are called upon to approach cannabis use with more realism and less moralism. The Greens are committed to regulating cannabis use in the ongoing legislative process, with a focus on public health and finding a middle ground between an unregulated black market and an unregulated legal market.

The future of cannabis regulation in Switzerland therefore promises a change that will not only affect the way society perceives cannabis, but also minimize the impact on health, youth and the black market.

  • Find out more about the PI Siegenthaler initiative from September 2020 – here!
  • Position paper of the Green parliamentary group on cannabis legalization – here!

Herba di Berna’s position on legalization

As one of the leading companies in the hemp industry, Herba di Berna takes a differentiated position on the legalization of cannabis. While we support efforts to regulate the market and protect young people and consumers, we advocate dispensing in certified specialist stores, in addition to cannabis social clubs. We believe that state-run outlets could increase the risk of monopolies.

Furthermore, we consider the entry hurdle to be relatively high:

  • Personal data, consumer behavior and driving license situation must be provided.
  • We consider the idea of drying up the black market through state sales outlets to be wishful thinking.
  • The requirements and production standards will be high, which will inevitably have an impact on prices.
  • We advocate a regulated market with high production standards, similar to alcohol, which we believe can be managed by the private sector.

A differentiated view of the market

The legalization of cannabis in Switzerland is undoubtedly a step in the right direction, but it is important to take a differentiated view of what is happening on the market. A regulated market characterized by competition and high standards will benefit both consumers and the industry in the long term.

What do you think; where do you want to buy your weed in the future?

The survey by the Swiss Hemp Association

Higher shipping costs in 2024

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Versand Packete, grün, braun und abstrakte Pflanzen

The year 2024 promises a wave of financial changes for Herba di Berna and the entire hemp industry. These changes are due to numerous factors such as rising government levies (VAT), higher insurance costs, price increases for packaging materials, energy and rents.

These factors are like an unstoppable tide that presents companies with the challenge of adapting their strategies. At Herba di Berna, we don’t just want to react, we want to act proactively and inform you transparently about how we are dealing with these challenges. And what adjustments are necessary in the shipping area to maintain the quality of our products and your shopping experience. It should be emphasized that we are maintaining our proven strategy regarding product prices and will continue to offer you the opportunity to purchase CBD and hemp products at unbeatable prices. Therefore; don’t worry, there will be no price increases for the products. Nevertheless, these financial adjustments are shifting. However, we have now decided to transfer this to the shipping area. This is how we ensure that you can continue to benefit from unbeatable offers.

Advantages of the change: tracking and secure parcel delivery

Despite the initial inconvenience, the new shipping costs also open up opportunities for Herba di Berna and, above all, for our valued customers. By adjusting the fees, we can track your parcels and they can be found anywhere at any time.

Conclusion: Together on new paths – hemp shipping at Herba di Berna

The year 2024 promises changes for the hemp industry, accompanied by a number of challenges. Rising government levies, higher insurance costs and other burdens affect not only us, but also our customers. In this context, we at Herba di Berna have decided to deal transparently with the upcoming challenges and to inform you about our adjustments in shipping and that our product prices will remain the same. We understand that budgets sometimes have to be juggled, but rest assured, we do our best to offer high quality hemp products at fair prices. Visit our specialist store on Scheibenstrasse not only to enjoy the savings on shipping, but also to benefit from personal, no-obligation advice and to discover our wide range of products with all your senses.

What else might interest you:

Cannabis and gastrointestinal tract

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Magen-Darm-Harmonie mit Cannabis unterstützen

The festive season is a feast of food and drink, from one meal to the next, from cookies to chocolate, mandarins and the festive roast. While we usually enjoy the winter festive season with vacations, celebrations and gluttony, our intestines have to work overtime. Cannabinoids can support our intestines in their daily functions and contribute to gastrointestinal harmony and well-being. Learn all about how cannabis and the gastrointestinal tract harmonize in this blog post.

The body as a habitat for viruses, fungi and bacteria

When our gastrointestinal system is exposed to various stresses such as stress, lack of exercise, an unhealthy diet and sweet and alcoholic drinks, the gut suffers. We are adaptable and also quite tough, as evidenced by the fact that modern homo sapiens can live on fast food, sweet drinks and overly spicy food for their entire lives. And yet the gut suffers in these moments of unhealthy food intake. For thousands of years, it has been common worldwide to take cannabis with food. And today we can use the latest technologies to specifically investigate what is going on in detail and provide relief for many people. The intestine shows clear reactions to overeating and does not suffer silently like the liver. The most common symptoms of an overloaded bowel are diarrhea, nausea and constipation, and many of us are very familiar with the recommended remedies. In addition to hemp, countless home remedies, chemical preparations and therapeutic approaches are circulating for a healthy start to the New Year, all of which are aimed at balancing the so-called “gut microbiome*”. This refers to bacteria and fungi as well as certain virus strains, the effects of which do not make us humans ill, but keep us vital. In the course of evolution, tiny creatures, i.e. various microorganisms, have colonized the gastrointestinal tract and form a symbiotic relationship that is beneficial for everyone involved. They support each other in digestion as well as in the absorption of nutrients that are essential for the survival of both humans and microorganisms. The influence of healthy intestinal flora on our nervous system has now been proven by science. Numerous farmer’s sayings support the saying: “You are what you eat”, and the effect of cannabis as a remedy is similarly widely confirmed in the laboratory.

* Definition: The microbiome is the totality of all microorganisms(bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi and protozoa) that colonize a macroorganism (human, animal, plant). Microbiomes can influence the immune system, the metabolism and the hormone system of their host.

Importance of the intestinal flora

Unlike toxic substances or supposedly magical remedies, cannabis binds to the organism via precisely fitting receptors. Yoghurt mixed with cannabinoids in the supermarket is still a dream of the future, but the intestinal flora can generally be stimulated by many foods or food supplements. There are countless products on the market that promote powerful microbial strains and feed them sufficiently so that unwanted pathogens quickly perish when they enter our bodies. The problem is that even the most expensive capsules, pills and tinctures barely make it to the intestinal flora if we continue with the sins of the modern lifestyle and disregard our gastrointestinal harmony.

You can find out exactly how and where cannabinoids affect our body in the previous blog post: https://www.herbadiberna.ch/starkes-immunsystem-durch-cbd-tropfen/

How hemp affects our gastrointestinal tract

While CB1 receptors are found in the brain, CB2 receptors are found in the intestine. Both are the so-called docking sites for cannabinoids in the hemp plant. A full-spectrum preparation influences these receptors and triggers a variety of positive effects in the body. Cannabinoids can activate anti-inflammatory processes via the gastrointestinal system, stimulate the immune system and also reduce stress levels.diseases such as multiple sclerosis could be treated by medical cannabis, as it has an anti-inflammatory effect and even affects a specific bacterium called “Akkermansia muciniphila”. (Source: Study by Charles M. Skinner)

Full spectrum CBD oil and hemp capsules to support the gastrointestinal tract

Research on therapeutic cannabis and gut flora is not yet as extensive as in other areas, but medical and therapeutic professionals are beginning to recommend it for certain treatments.The method of consumption affects the effect of cannabis on the gastrointestinal system; smoking or vaporizing works faster and more intensely, while oral ingestion may be better tolerated and have a longer effect.There are beneficial aspects of hemp products, but potential drug interactions and possible side effects must be considered. It is best to discuss this with a medical professional, as according to current research, cannabis can help with irritable bowel syndrome, heartburn or constant constipation in many cases without complications, but can sometimes have side effects. Prudent consumption is still the best choice when trying hemp for yourself, even for the gastrointestinal system, until research has clarified the situation.

Conclusion

When we indulge in culinary delights, our intestines work hard. Cannabis as a full-spectrum preparation can help to support our gut and its function, especially in the New Year after the Christmas feasts. Our digestive system is sensitive: stress, lack of exercise and an unhealthy diet can affect it. The gut microbiome, consisting of bacteria, fungi and viruses, plays an essential role in our health and even influences our nervous system. Cannabinoids can have an anti-inflammatory effect via the CB2 receptors in the intestine, strengthen the immune system and reduce stress. Medical hemp shows promising approaches, especially for diseases such as multiple sclerosis. However, research into therapeutic cannabis and intestinal flora is still in its infancy. Although there are many benefits, interactions with medication and possible side effects must also be taken into account and clarified with medical professionals. Cannabis could be a natural alternative for gastrointestinal complaints, but it is also advisable to consult with specialists and stay up to date with the latest research.

Our recommendation for optimal gastrointestinal harmony

Source: https://l1nq.com/ugfNr

Legalization in Germany: Is the Bundestag getting down to business?

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After a long wait, the draft bill for the CanG, the – presumably – future cannabis law in Germany, has made it to the Bundestag. The bill aims to take the first steps toward a legal cannabis market – ideally as early as early 2024.

What is in the cannabis law now?

Oracles about the details of legalization in Germany have been a preoccupation in many places in recent months. Back in April, a key points paper was published in which the plans were specified. Therefore, it was no surprise what the Bundestag would now discuss. The current bill aims to implement the so-called “first pillar” of legalization. The second pillar of commercial cannabis cultivation has been pushed into the future.

Under the first pillar, private home cultivation and community non-commercial cultivation in cannabis social clubs will be legalized. The bill is often referred to as “legalization light” because there are still many fairly restrictive rules. Adults will be allowed to possess up to 25g of cannabis for personal use. Private cultivation is allowed for three plants, and children and adolescents must be kept away. Social clubs (called cultivation associations in the bill) also have many rules to follow. A maximum of 500 members are admitted, all of whom must reside in Germany. A maximum of 25g per day and 50g per month may be issued per member. For young people between the ages of 18 and 21, it is only 30g per month, which also must not contain more than 10% THC. In addition, there is a ban on advertising and sponsorship.

Protection zones throughout Germany


Another rule has caused particular astonishment in the cannabis community: there is to be a protective zone of 200 meters around cultivation associations, schools, children’s and youth facilities, children’s playgrounds and publicly accessible sports facilities, in which the consumption of cannabis in the open is not permitted. The consumption of cannabis should also not be allowed in pedestrian zones between 7 a.m. and 8 p.m.

Maps are circulating in Germany that show how the majority of urban and municipal areas would be located in a protected zone.
Distribution of protected zones in Berlin according to the current CanG draft: public consumption of cannabis is prohibited in all red areas. In addition, there is a ban in front of the previously non-existent cultivation associations and during the day in the pedestrian zones.(bubatzkarte.kowelenz.social)

What is justified with a protection of children and young people, has some problems in practice: the listed places exist in Germany in such a density that – especially in cities – the consumption of cannabis will almost only be possible in private apartments or large parks.

What does the Bundestag think?

The Bundestag debate was short – but quite intense. While Karl Lauterbach advocated his proposal with conviction, many others were less enthusiastic. There was fundamental resistance from the conservative side (AfD and Union). Both parties continue to try to stop legalization itself. Impressive how these politicians can ignore today’s situation with millions of cannabis users and a huge black market, and instead continue to waffle on about their concept of the “gateway drug”.

More exciting seems to be the criticism of experts and the left factions. There it is pointed out that the distance regulations and many other precisely defined details of the legalization Light are hardly implementable in practice. With these concessions to conservative forces, the bill threatens to become a law that is either never actually enforced, or takes up an insane amount of resources to control. This would also largely cancel out one of the major advantages of legalization – the savings in effort and costs in law enforcement.

Legalization in Germany only for non-drivers

Another weak point of the current legalization plans: So far, no changes to the Road Traffic Act are planned. However, since a THC limit of one nanogram per milliliter of blood applies to driving in Germany, cannabis-using drivers are almost certainly liable to prosecution. Even when they actually get behind the wheel sober. In one of our last blog posts, we highlighted the issue in Switzerland. To cut a long story short: the Swiss limit of 1.5ng/mL is also clearly too low.

After all, the federal government in Germany has now said it will set up a working group to present initial results in spring 2024. However, in view of a legalization starting in January 2024, this is a rather unsatisfactory perspective for motorists…

So what does this mean for legalization?

Germany continues to move step by step towards legalization. The eternal conservative factions in the Bundestag are unlikely to stand a chance with their fundamental opposition. And the left-wing groups will probably try a few more things to make the legalization plans a bit bolder – but in case of doubt, they would still rather have the current bill than no legalization at all.
All those who were now looking forward to a “green revolution” are likely to be rather disappointed by the result. It is a huge step that the possession and cultivation of cannabis will soon no longer be punishable. Overall, however, the current plans are still close to restrictive policies and far from a legal cannabis market that could effectively displace the black market.

Progress in the new regulation of the cannabis market

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At the end of September 2023, the National Council again expressed its support for the concerns of “PI Siegenthaler”. Parliament has approved an extension of the deadline needed to draft a new cannabis law. If things continue to go smoothly, the new regulation of the cannabis market (also called legalization 😉) could thus become a reality in just a few years.

PI Siegenthaler for a new regulation of the cannabis legislation
The Siegenthaler Parliamentary Initiative (PI) was submitted in September 2020 by Heinz Siegenthaler, a member of the Bern Center National Council.
The initiative calls for a new cannabis law that will one day provide the basis for a legal and regulated cannabis market in Switzerland.  
For more detailed info on PI Siegenthaler, see our blog post on the topic.

What was the National Council about?

Actually, the responsible commission should have prepared a legislative proposal by the end of 2023. However, the parliamentarians did not live up to this ambitious schedule. In order to ensure that all the work was not wasted and that a well-prepared and broadly supported law could be passed in the end, the subcommittee now requested an extension of the deadline until the fall session of 2025. “It is really important and right to do this work with enough time,” said Barbara Gysi (SP, head of the subcommittee).

A citizen minority has now tried to stop the reauthorization of cannabis legislation. Their plan: if the commission doesn’t have time to prepare a good law, there will be no law and the status quo will remain. “The initiative, as it turns out, is contrary to international law” opined SVP National Councilor Verena Herzog. In addition, legalization would seem to encourage young people to smoke pot, while it would not dry up the black market.

Voting results on deadline extension for new cannabis legislation.
Voting results from the National Council(parlament.ch)

Fortunately, this backward-looking polemic met with little success, and Parliament clearly favored an extension of the deadline, thus advocating for a new regulation of the cannabis market. 104 votes in favor (SP, Greens, GLP, a majority of the FDP, a minority of the center faction and even 3 votes from the SVP faction) were opposed by 69 votes against from the SVP, parts of the center and one third of the FDP.[1]

What does this mean for cannabis market re-regulation?

Of course, it would have been great if the subcommittee had not needed a deadline extension at all. However, as is well known, things rarely move that quickly in the Federal Republic of Germany. Therefore, it is overall very positive news that the National Council has spoken out with such clarity in favor of the new regulation of the cannabis market. If everything now goes like clockwork, legalization could actually become a reality as early as 2026. The year 2027 seems more realistic, as the SVP has already announced that it wants to bring the future cannabis law before the people with a referendum.

So for us it is still: Stay patient. However, the legalization plans in Germany, an increasingly pro-legalization population, and the empirical data generated by the pilot trials to date point to a bright future. More and more, the idea of a legal cannabis market with good youth and consumer protection and without an illegal black market seems to be taking root in people’s minds. And even if this were not to happen until 2027, Switzerland would at least not be left behind in an international comparison.

Partial decriminalization: a regulatory jungle

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The last few weeks, a new ruling by the Federal Court has been the talk of the town. The highest court ruled that an unpunished amount of cannabis (<10g and exclusively for personal consumption) cannot be seized by the police. This is another step towards the decriminalization of cannabis. In principle, less criminalization of consumers is to be welcomed. At the same time, the discussion about this ruling also shows why legalizing cannabis would be better for all sides and much less chaotic.

The regulatory jungle of partial decriminalization

Possession of a small amount of cannabis for personal consumption (<10g) and preparatory acts for consumption have been exempt from punishment in Switzerland for quite some time. For a long time, however, this legal situation was ignored by the police and the public prosecutor’s office, and fines were blithely handed out. The argumentation of the authorities was usually that it was still an illegal substance. Further, it was clear that sooner or later there would be consumption (or suspicion of past consumption), which in turn would be illegal. It was not until a 2017 ruling by the Federal Supreme Court that this practice was put a stop to. Since then definitely applies (more or less consistently implemented): Small amount & preparatory acts are exempt from punishment, the consumption itself is illegal.

However, the Federal Supreme Court left one important question open in its 2017 ruling: What happens to the unpunished quantity after a police check? Previously, the cannabis was usually confiscated. Admittedly, the question of what to do with a non-punishable quantity of an illegal substance is not without its challenges. It is therefore very welcome that it has now also been stated clearly here that an unpunished quantity is unpunished and therefore may not be seized.

However, anyone who thought that the discussion about law enforcement powers was over for the time being is unfortunately wrong again. Only a short time after the ruling, it was noted with astonishment in many places that the ruling of the Federal Court can be applied not only to cannabis but also to “hard” drugs. However, the SSK (Swiss Conference of Prosecutors) disagreed with this assessment. In order to prevent a cantonal chaos with different handling, they have urged all authorities to stick to the previous practice for hard drugs, while for cannabis it is clear that the ruling must be followed. Furthermore, the SSK called on politicians to regulate this ambiguity by law.

It could also be simpler…

As good as it is for consumers to be less criminalized – the solution is not a clean one. Not surprising really: wanting something to be illegal and unpunished at the same time probably inevitably leads to problems. If cannabis were finally legalized, the way would be clear for sensible and adapted regulation of the market. Instead of an eternal cat and mouse game between police & dealers, resources could be put into effectively fighting the big players in the black market and into meaningful prevention work. To get ideas of what that would look like, we don’t even have to look that far. On the one hand, we have already gained a lot of experience with alcohol and tobacco on how to regulate individual substances in a targeted manner. Furthermore, there are – both from Switzerland and from countries with legalization experience – various clear findings that speak in favor of legalization. Until we’re finally ready, we’ll just have to settle for CBD products when in doubt….

Pilot testing: What’s running where?

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Since the summer of 2021, it has been clear that pilot trials on the legal use & sale of cannabis will be conducted in Switzerland. Despite the widespread interest, which is reflected among other things in a large media response, our patience is being tried. In Basel, the start of the “WeedCare” pilot trial planned for autumn 2022 had to be postponed again, in Bern the canton put on the brakes and the city of Zurich had to wait months for the FOPH. In 2023, however, there is new momentum: where are we now?

What are the pilot tests about?
The pilot projects are intended to provide scientific evidence for the discussion on possible cannabis legalization.
You can read more about the history of the pilots here and in our latest update on the pilots.  
Provisions for the pilot test (BAG)
Provisions for the pilot test(BAG)

Basel has its nose in front

Actually, the Basel pilot trial “WeedCare” was supposed to start last fall. At the last moment, however, the launch was postponed: Pesticide contamination was detected in the products, which is why the harvest no longer met the required organic guidelines. A farmer had sprayed pesticides on the field next door and the wind carried them to the hemp field as well.

After this messy interlude, the first study participants were finally able to buy their first legal THC cannabis at the end of January 2023. In the summer, the pilot will also start for the second half of the approximately 360 participants. It is not yet clear when the first results of the study will be published, but we eagerly await them.

Zurich finally gets to go too

Compared to Basel, the city of Zurich has set up a huge project: More than 2000 participants are to be able to buy and consume cannabis legally for 3½ years. After a long wait for the authorities, legal THC cannabis is now also being cultivated for Zurich residents so that sales can start in the summer.

The long ways of management

In June 2022, the City of Zurich submitted its study application to the cantonal ethics committee and the FOPH. While the approval of the ethics committee was already available in August, the FOPH was slow to act. The application for the pilot was passed back and forth in the federal office for about 9 months. This delay is justified by the “high complexity” of the request and the large number of submitted study concepts from different cities and regions. The fact that the approval was finally granted shortly after the publication of numerous media articles on the subject is probably not only due to coincidence. Sometimes public pressure suddenly brings speed into the cumbersome processes of the authorities. A good classification of the delays was offered by the association LegalizeIt! already in December: “Still no Cannabis Social Club in 2022: What happened?”

When the permit finally arrived on March 22, everyone immediately got to work. Producers Pure Production and Swiss Extract, for example, plan to harvest the first flowers in July. Sales are then scheduled to start in August, and hash products, which are more complex to process, should also be available from October.

Cannabis Social Club

The Cannabis Social Clubs (CSC) are a welcome feature of the Zurich trial. In association structures, a sales and meeting point supported by the members is to be created, which focuses on social exchange and joint consumption. In countries such as Spain, Belgium, Uruguay or the Netherlands, the CSC model is already widespread. There, however, in addition to the transfer of knowledge, the collective cultivation of one’s own cannabis is also at the center of the clubs. However, the social clubs were not allowed to do this in the Zurich study. In order to achieve the most meaningful results possible, the products should be the same at all dispensing points. Furthermore, the authorities unfortunately believe that the CSC members would not be able to meet the high quality standards of the pilot tests.
The association LegalizeIt! runs the“Hanfstübli“, one of the social clubs in Zurich. The more than 30 years of experience in the Swiss hemp world, at the interface between consumer protection and political engagement makes the association the perfect operator of a CSC.

Shop window of a cannabis social club in Buenos Aires.
Cannabis Social Club in Buenos Aires(kweez mcG – CC BY 2.0)

Where’s the next pilot?

In addition to Basel and Zurich, there are several other pilot trials that are more or less advanced in the planning stage. According to LegalizeIt!, the first pilot in Bern is scheduled to start as early as summer 2023. There, too, the study application is currently pending at the FOPH and the Ethics Committee. For the other cities, very little to nothing is known yet. The same goes for our new stoner capital, Geneva…. (in fact, more cannabis is consumed in Geneva than in Amsterdam 😯)

Pilot test away from the cities

A planned pilot trial does not want to limit itself to the cities: Bergblüten AG has submitted an application for a study involving 2700 people from Valais and 300 participants from Glarus. In order to cater to the extensive catchment area, sales are to be handled via an online pharmacy, among other things.
The required 350 kg of cannabis per year are to be produced in Benken (SG) and in Ticino. As with all THC production facilities, cultivation must meet not only high quality but also safety standards. What could be more lucrative than raiding a field full of THC flowers and selling them on the black market?

Outdoor cannabis is used for the pilot trials

Private companies also want to get in on the action

In addition to the previous pilot trials, which all originated in cooperation between university & authorities, there are also private organizations such as the“Swiss Cannabis Center (SCC)” and“Pilot Trial Cannabis Switzerland (PVCS)“, which initiate trials and maintain waiting lists for interested consumers. The SCC is planning for implementation in the cities of Bern, St. Gallen and Zurich, while PVCS wants to offer the THC products via an online store in larger trial areas that have not yet been defined more precisely.

France: No ban on hemp with low THC content!

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About a year ago, in early 2022, French cannabis legislation was chaotic. At first, unprocessed product was banned even with THC content below 0.3%. Just one month later, however, a court suspended enforcement of this boondoggle. Almost exactly one year after the original decree of 30.12.2021, the French Council of State has now reversed its own decision. So, since the end of December, it is now clear that France currently continues to follow the EU standard, which basically allows CBD products with less than 0.3% THC.

In full detail, this political skirmish was documented in the IG Hanf article pasted below. If you are more interested in the legal situation in another country, you can find a compilation of the state of affairs in our neighboring countries in our vacation guide.

France: repeal of the decree prohibiting the sale of cannabis flowers and leaves with low THC content

The Council of State of France annuls the Decree of December 30, 2021, which prohibits the sale of cannabis flowers and leaves with a THC content of less than 0.3%. The competent authority notes that CBD has no psychotropic properties, is not addictive and therefore cannot be considered a narcotic. The State Council further states that it has not been proven that the consumption of flowers and leaves of such cannabis varieties with low THC content poses a risk to public health. Therefore, the general and absolute prohibition concerning marketing of such products was declared illegal.

The French Public Health Code (Article R. 5132-86) prohibited the production, marketing, possession, purchase, or consumption of cannabis (flowers, leaves, resin, and products derived therefrom). However, it provided that “the cultivation, importation, exportation, and industrial and commercial use of cannabis varieties that do not have narcotic properties” could be authorized under certain conditions.

Based on this exemption, an interministerial decree of December 30, 2021, allowed the use of flowers and leaves exclusively from cannabis varieties with a THC content of 0.3% or less for the production of extracts that in turn comply with this value. However, at the same time, the decree prohibited the sale of flowers and leaves “in the raw” of such varieties to end users, regardless of the form of the final product (herbal teas, oils, CBD cosmetics…).

The State Council’s temporary restraining order judge, seized of an emergency case in early 2022, had suspended enforcement of that ban in an order dated January 24, 2022. The State Council decided on December 29, 2022 in the matter and considers the general and absolute ban on the marketing of cannabis leaves and flowers in the raw state with low THC content, i.e. without psychotropic properties (<0.3%), to be disproportionate. It therefore cancels this prohibition, which was established by the decree of December 30, 2021, was set at.

CBD has no psychotropic effect and is not addictive.

The clarifications carried out by the State Council on the matter revealed that the content of CBD and THC varies greatly between the different cannabis varieties. These two substances, CBD and THC, are the main cannabinoids found mainly in the flowers and leaves of cannabis, are very different in terms of effect. The scientific data submitted by the parties have shown that CBD has decramping and relaxing properties and an antispasmodic effect, but unlike THC, it has no psychotropic effect and is not addictive. Thus, cannabis strains with a low THC content (<0.3%), are not classified as addictive substances.

CBD does not create a public health risk that warrants a blanket and absolute ban.

In assessing the legality of the ban decision, the State Council first recalls that such a ban must be justified in terms of the public health objective pursued and must be proportionate to the health risks posed by the substances thus regulated.

He notes that health risks depend on the actual amounts of THC ingested. He judges that the harmfulness of the other molecules contained in the cannabis flowers and leaves, especially CBD, has not been proven according to the state of scientific data.

It concludes from the scientific evidence presented at the evidentiary hearing that the consumption of leaves and flowers of cannabis varieties with a THC content of less than 0.3% does not create risks to public health that would justify a general and absolute ban on their marketing.

Tests allow the differentiation of cannabis strains.

To justify the ban on their marketing, the Minister of Social Affairs and Health also argued before the State Council that the marketing of flowers and leaves of cannabis varieties without psychotropic properties would jeopardize the effectiveness of drug control policies due to their similarity and confusability with flowers and leaves from THC-dominant varieties of cannabis that have narcotic properties.

However, the State Council noted that the THC content of flowers and leaves can be readily checked using inexpensive rapid tests that can distinguish varieties with stupefying properties from those that do not. The Council of State therefore considers that the effectiveness of drug control policy is not a valid argument to prohibit the marketing of cannabis flowers and leaves in the raw state with a THC content of less than 0.3%.

However, unlike in Switzerland, it is still unclear in France under which product category cannabis flowers with a low THC content may be marketed. In this respect, there is still a gray area that needs to be regulated.

Source/original text: https://www.conseil-etat.fr/actualites/cbd-annulation-de-l-arrete-interdisant-la-vente-des-fleurs-et-feuilles-de-cannabis-sans-proprietes-stupefiantes (french)

About IG Hemp
IG Hanf is the trade association of the Swiss cannabis industry. It represents its members vis-à-vis politicians, authorities and the public. In doing so, it promotes exchange and cooperation among members, thereby strengthening the cannabis industry in Switzerland.

Their mission is to create a regulated cannabis market to ensure Switzerland is at the forefront of the global cannabis industry. IG Hemp sets new standards for its members and the industry. First and foremost with the quality label Swiss Certified Cannabis, which guarantees reliable product and consumer safety. IG Hanf is also a founding member of the Cannabis Consensus Switzerland association, in which organizations and political parties jointly pave the way for an open and responsible approach to cannabis.

Further information: www.ighanf.ch | www.swiss-certified-cannabis.ch | www.ighanf.ch/ehrenkodex

Cannabis in Bangkok – a travelogue

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Travelogue: Cannabis in Bangkok (Thailand 2022)

In early December 2022, we took a vacation in Singapore. For various reasons, we decided to bring forward the first leg of our return flight via Bangkok (Thailand), thus spontaneously taking the opportunity to explore the Asian metropolis Bangkok with its more than 8 million inhabitants for a few days. Besides impressive temples, skyscrapers, huge markets and street food in almost every street, there is also more and more cannabis in Bangkok lately!

The difference in the handling of cannabis could not be greater between the two Southeast Asian countries: When entering Singapore, you are informed in red letters that any handling of drugs is strictly forbidden and drug smuggling is even punishable by death! In Bangkok, on the other hand, a lot of cannabis stores now dominate the cityscape. How did it come about and how do you experience Thailand’s young cannabis scene as a tourist? A travelogue.

Arrival and high-end dispensary “High Got You”.

Our flight landed in Bangkok in the late afternoon. After about 45 minutes of cab ride from the airport to the city, we arrived at our accommodation. In the cab we could already make out a few hemp stores as we drove by, but we didn’t just go to any one, we paid a visit to a store called “High Got You”. The store was located in the “hipster neighborhood” Ekkamai and, according to the website, also had vaporizers on sale. On the shelves were numerous elaborately designed bongs, and on the counter were flowers of the current offerings with magnifying glasses and labels. In terms of design, it looked like an Apple Store.

Shelves with bongs in the High Got You
Flowers with magnifying glass and label on the counter

The gram of flowers here cost about 700 baht, which is the equivalent of about 18 francs. This is almost twice as expensive as in the planned “Züri Can” pilot project.

Unfortunately, the High Got You only had one electric vaporizer in stock when we visited: the Yocan Vane, a cheap model that cost less than 2 grams of flower. In general, electric vaporizers are not (yet?) available on every corner in Bangkok. More popular there instead seems to be the Dynavap, a non-electric evaporator that you have to bring to the right temperature with fire or external induction heating coil.

Surprisingly, it is not so easy to find vaporizers in Thailand. This is because all types of vapes are basically banned in Thailand. The ban was probably enacted with nicotine vapes in mind, but now strictly speaking includes cannabis vaporizers as well. So where you still find vaporizers, they are illegal imports. This is also reflected in the higher price – with higher-quality devices in other stores.

Equipped with THC flowers and vaporizer, we went in search of a place to consume, because consumption is prohibited in public. This is also the case in some other countries with legal cannabis, and it continues to pose logistical challenges for tourists. In a rooftop bar within walking distance of the dispensary, we first fortified ourselves with a portion of fried rice and then asked the bartender if it was allowed to smoke pot on the terrace? The bartender advised against it and recommended consuming in the stairwell instead. He was probably worried that we would disturb other guests with smoke, but with the low vapor emissions of an electric vaporizer, that’s not a problem.

Unfortunately, the cheap vaporizer turned out to be barely usable. Sure, it already got hot, but hardly any steam came, which then also did not taste fine, showed little effect and left an unpleasant scratch in the throat.

Day 2: Small enthusiast store “Smilemacy”.

The next day, we therefore went straight to the next hemp store. This time I went to “Smilemacy”, a much smaller store, but they had high-quality vaporizers from Storz & Bickel in stock, which I confirmed for safety’s sake via a short message via Messenger app. In the store, the owner greeted us “Dear”. From the selection of products, the expertise and his whole manner, you quickly realized that here is an enthusiast in front of you.

Shelves in the “Smilemacy

The selection of flowers was small but nice: There was one CBD strain and at least one each of indica, hybrid and sativa.

Selection of different varieties of flowers

The “Super Silver Haze” (Dear’s recommendation) tasted fine and had a pleasant effect. The flower was quite compact and not overly covered with THC resin. A solid performance, but with room to improve (compared to the quality of cannabis in California, for example [USA]), especially for this price.

At the following membership meeting, it was remarked, “The bloom looks typical of the use of PGRs (Plant Growth Regulators)!”

“Super Silver Haze” flower in closeup

We asked Dear in which places it is allowed to smoke pot in Bangkok? He said, actually, anywhere smoking is allowed (a contradiction to our experience the night before). Outside his store would be okay in any case.

Consumption possibility: “Heaven Of Weed”.

To explore the area a bit, however, we instead walked further down the street and there, by chance, we stumbled upon a store called “Heaven Of Weed”. There you could not only buy THC flowers by the gram, but also sit down and consume them comfortably like in a café.

Most varieties there cost about 800 baht, the equivalent of about 21 francs. This is a little more expensive in comparison, but in the other stores you could not consume in the store in each case, but only outside. With the high temperatures in Bangkok (30 degrees in the cold season), you appreciate a well air-conditioned interior!

Unfortunately, there was not a single CBD strain at Heaven Of Weed. The salesman said that CBD flowers were also legal, but were a little less common in stores.

The store “Heaven of Weed

Below the store was a restaurant where you could order food and drinks, which were then delivered upstairs to the consumption room.

The vaporizer “Mighty

Legalization history

In the following days we made two tours: A bicycle tour on the man-made island “Bang Kachao” and a train tour to the “Damnoen Saduak Floating Market”. Both tour guides told the respective group on their own that cannabis was recently legalized in Thailand. One said that the development had surprised him: Cannabis had generally had a bad reputation among the population – it was considered worse than cocaine. He speculated that the low prices of homegrown cannabis ensured that cannabis became the drug of choice for poorer people. With the second tour guide, we asked why legalized. He replied that cannabis was actually legalized for medical purposes and then there was a loophole, which is now being used. He joked, “Thailand used to be known as ‘Land of the smile’, now we are becoming the ‘Land of the laugh’!”

When you dig deeper, you find that the tour guide’s narrative was not entirely accurate: this was not a loophole, but an intentional change.

With an election campaign that included cannabis legalization, Thailand’s Health Minister Anutin Charnvirakul was elected in 2019. Cannabis was legalized in Thailand in the same year, initially for medical use. Then, on June 9, 2022, cannabis flowers were removed from the list of narcotics, which also legalized consumption for pleasure. This is really only about flowers: Any extracts such as THC oils or THC hashish cannot be found, but remain illegal.

However, there is some truth in the term “loophole”, because what does not yet exist is an explicit legal regulation that lays down more precise provisions. Therefore, the current phase of the cannabis scene in Thailand should be seen more as a “Wild West” phase, which could change again in the coming months, if necessary, after the initial legislation.

Impressions during the trip

Well-known attractions in Bangkok are certainly the numerous markets. They are all impressive, the evening markets as well as the weekend markets, those on the street, but also those in the huge shopping malls. You can often see stalls there offering hemp products such as CBD oils for healing purposes.

CBD enriched oil poster
CBD enriched oil” poster

Not to be missed on a visit to Bangkok is a detour to “Khao San Road”, a busy street with high tourist traffic in the so-called “backpacker district”. There, we encountered various cannabis stands and bars in the bustling nightlife. Three employees stood in front of a cannabis store and tried to lure us in with the help of the menu. A few corners away we saw a couple of men strolling through the street with a bong in their hands.

Cannabis stand in the "Khao San Road
Cannabis stand in “Khao San Road

Conclusion

If Thailand appeals to you as a vacation destination, there is now another reason to visit. It’s an exciting time and I found it very interesting to see the burgeoning cannabis scene. But if you’re more interested in a cannabis vacation than Thailand, I’d recommend Amsterdam instead, which is much closer.

In comparison with Switzerland, the two approaches to legalization are very different: Thailand has simply legalized with a comparatively quick change. Opponents of legalization call it a rush job and even demand that the change be reversed. What the coming regulation will look like over the next months and years, and how successful the “legalization first, details later” model will be, will be interesting to watch.

The Swiss approach wants to avoid this problem at all costs: In years of pilot tests, enough knowledge is to be gathered first, in order to then start with a watertight model – but the fact that consumers will still get into legal problems will be tolerated for years to come…

→ More images (25 in total) can be found at https://hanflegal.ch/bangkok22bilder

The travel report in the original: https://hanflegal.ch/bangkok22